INNOVATION, WORK, SOCIETY THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN YOUTH POLICY AND REALIZATION OF YOUTH WORK IN UKRAINE

, we believe that the program actions, projects, volunteer initiatives of today's youth will play an important role in imitating their patriotism, activity, organization, self-sacrifice, motivation for the next generations of Ukrainians and can be used in the formulation of youth work for the following periods.


Introduction
Today, youth play an important role in Ukrainian society and are an integral part of the social system that contributes to the effective development of the nation. This is especially visible against the background of Russian aggression against Ukraine. Modern young people actively protect it at the front, work behind the scenes, in the informational, humanitarian, volunteer areas, because during any transformations, young people are the center of new knowledge, ideas, opportunities, the main customer for a decent future and the main strategic resource of the state and society.
At the same time, responding to modern challenges, young people have managed to repurpose their activities and are useful in new directions, which are necessary for Ukraine's victory over the enemy, especially in matters of national security, the volunteer movement, and critical sectors of the economy that are suffering of a great damage. So, for example, the total amount of direct damage to the economy of Ukraine from the damage and destruction of residential and non-residential buildings and infrastructure is 108.3 billion dollars or 2.9 trillion hryvnias (21), the loss of human resources is more than 5514 cases of death and 7698 cases of injuries (26), more than 8 million people became internal migrants (14). Of particular concern is the fact that the majority of those who have left Ukraine are young, able-bodied people who are the backbone of any country's economy, which is why it is so important to implement a proper youth policy in the context of migration and security challenges to return forcibly displaced people home to the post-war period.
Research methods were used such as: cognitive-analytical, comparative analysis, generalization, systemic approach and sociological. The general result is an understanding of the need for youth policy, namely the integration of youth into the social and political life of the country and the role of youth as an innovator that not only copies the established, but also introduces new content.

Forms of youth participation in youth policy formation processes
The most active participation of youth in the processes of youth policy formation is an action-oriented process that involves young people in institutions, initiatives and decisions and gives them control over resources that affect their lives (World Bank, 1994). Youth participation "includes the efforts of young people to organize around issues of their choice, and adults to involve young people in community centers where intergenerational partnerships are implemented" (Checkoway B., 2011: 340-345). This toolkit focuses on participation in policymaking processes through youth associations (often referred as "informal participation"), which are different from traditional avenues of civic participation.
Legally, youth participation is often described as a "cluster" of rights (UN Children's Fund, 2003). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child calls participation: 1) the right of young people to freely express their views (Article 12); 2) freedom to seek, receive and disseminate information (Article 13); 3) freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Article 14); 4) freedom of association and peaceful assembly (Article 15). Youth policy is "the organized activity of the state, which is carried out in the legislative, administrative and judicial spheres in relation to individuals, youth and youth movements, aimed at creating socio-economic, political, organizational and legal conditions and guarantees for vital self-awareness, intellectual, moral and physical development of youth and the realization of their creative potential in their own interests and in the interests of Ukraine" (32).
Youth policy is characterized by diversity, which covers various spheres of society's life and is within the competence of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine, which determines its relationship to politics, taking into account certain strategies, directions, priorities that are responsible for its implementation. Other ministries do not pay due attention to youth issues. It does not have a clear vision of how the powers and measures of these ministries can be related to national priorities and measures for the implementation of youth policy (Sofiy O., 2020: 63).
The state of scientific development of the role of youth in the formation of youth policy and the implementation of youth work in Ukraine is characterized by the fact that research was mainly conducted in the field of general theoretical problems of such formation and implementation.
The analysis of various aspects of youth policy is carried out in the works of I. Artemenko, V. Bebik, E. Borodin, M. Holovaty, A. Danilov, N. Kozhushko, V. Panasyuk, O. Yaremenko and others.
Considering the fact that the features of the youth movement have great theoretical and practical significance, since it creates conditions for self-development and self-realization of young people and at the same time involves young people in social processes with the aim of progressive progress of society, it seems relevant to investigate all its elements, paying attention to those which until today remained beyond the in-depth interest of scientists.
The rapid development of the socio-economic situation in Ukraine contributes to the necessary development of ways to stabilize social processes, as well as the simultaneous implementation of high-quality management decisions that are responsible for the implementation and embodiment of the intellectual and labor potential of the youth society, and their prospective development is necessarily interconnected with socialization and social and economic integration of youth.
Ensuring the further development of the Ukrainian state in the context of military challenges largely depends on the success of youth, which is characterized by the need to implement an effective youth policy within the state that will meet the existing needs of youth and state interests at the same time.
The formation of youth policy is the prevention of violations of the rights of children and youth, because the marginalization of Ukrainian youth reduces opportunities for professional self-realization and lowers the level of legal culture and law and order in society (Checkoway, B., 2011: 340-345).
Today, the early socialization of youth is actively developing, by involving them in cognitive and work activities at the initial stages of life, increasing the duration of their education, socio-political adaptation, stabilization of family and household status, etc. It should be noted that, not taking into account the impossibility of determining the age limits of young people, the existing society separates them into an independent socio-demographic group.
A public youth policy incarnates interests of the state in relation to this group of population, its look in the future and adequacy of political course, creates necessary terms, guarantees for the social becoming and development of the young generation.
The effectiveness of youth policy in Ukraine in conditions of decentralization largely depends only on the unity and coordination of the actions of the executive power, local selfgovernment and youth representation.
The desire of young people to fully realize their potential will arise only in those cases when there is a guarantee and the creation of favorable conditions for the socialization of the full development of young people in all spheres of the life of society, otherwise, not implementing this policy or its inadequate implementation contributes to the emergence of significant and large-scale crises in youth environment, which will gradually manifest itself in society as a whole (Golovatyi M.F., 2003: 49).
An existent situation in Ukrainian society needs substantial changes which realization of strategy of political, socio-economic and cultural development of Ukraine will take place by, as a result: gradual introduction of measures of long-term character, which will be able to provide the increase of standard of living of his population and perfection of the state in the future. However for this purpose necessary embodiment of general conditions, by what gradual preparation is to the next step of transformations.
In addition, young people appear a specific socialdemographic group which occupies the special place in the social structure of society and plays a considerable role in to public-political and economic life of the state, that it is related to specific descriptions of this demographic group and possibilities of changes of this category of population in the process of socialization (Golovatyi M.F., 2003: 107).
The war in Ukraine has been going on for more than six months, so not only adults, but also young people, including children, are making efforts to bring victory closer. Children draw and sell pictures, volunteer, help neighbors and townspeople in need, support relatives and friends, help with repair work on damaged housing, monitor the movement of enemy troops, transmit information to the army, support and organize patriotic actions. Older young people protect their homeland at the front and help in the rear, engage in humanitarian, law enforcement and volunteer projects.
During the socialization of youth, the existence of contradictions, which are connected with socio-economic and political transformations of society, is quite a common phenomenon (Dmytrieva M., 2003: 476), however, during wartime, when young people have a common goal, then contradictions disappear and the single goal of defeating the enemy unites young people. We believe that in the post-war period, the subject of restoration of Ukraine will be the unifying idea that will be common to Ukrainian youth.
The socio-psychological component of youth occurs with the motivation of choosing a future profession, which forms an active socio-political position of society, the level of professionalism, material support and well-being in the family (Karnaukh A., 2005: 66).
The young generation is the most creative force that provides support for the modernization of the state and actively participates in the implementation and achievement of the goals stated by the authorities regarding the creation of a new technological society. Youth plays a significant role in the implementation of innovation policy. As they age, this social group, compared to others, is the most receptive to innovation. She is more often ready to take risks in conditions of uncertainty, by the way, this trend, as a model of youth behavior, is followed in many countries of the world. Undoubtedly, the younger generation has advantages compared to other social groups: they adapt more easily to a changing environment, have a high level of mobility, and are active.
The experience of recent decades convincingly proves that sustainable development is demonstrated by those societies that were able to accumulate and ensure the effective use of intellectual resources and innovative potential, the main carrier of which is the young generation.
That is why one of the important tasks of state-building is to ensure the proper conditions for comprehensively revealing the potential of youth, their full participation in all spheres of social life (Bezzub I., 2021: 15).
In order to make youth policy effective, adequate to modern requirements, one that takes into account the peculiarities of the modern state, society and youth, to fill it with new meaning and content is the primary task of the authorities. At the same time, the state has a real opportunity to take a leading position in this field, thereby securing a leading position in global development.
In the conditions of military challenges, young people perform new functions and tasks not inherent to them before. The successful solution of these tasks is impossible without the effective participation of young people. The degree of effectiveness of this participation is determined by how many young people: • knows, shares, accepts the goals and tasks of state and social development, connects his life prospects with them; • possesses the necessary physical, personal, educational, professional qualities; • have the necessary opportunities for active participation in the development of the country.
At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that youth, as a socio-age group, has a number of features: 1) young people distinguish between unformed value, spiritual and ethical guidelines and a lack of life experience, which increases the probability of making a wrong choice when making responsible decisions; 2) youth is characterized by incomplete inclusion in the existing socio-economic relations. At the same time, it is the youth who provide social mobility to the greatest extent and are a source of economic initiative; 3) young people have their own goals and interests, which do not always coincide with the goals and interests of society as a whole; 4) young people perform special social functions (inherit the achieved level of development of society; form an image of the future and carry the function of social reproduction; are the basis of the "new" post-industrial economy, the development of its high-tech industries, as well as science and culture; make up the main part of the personnel of the forces agencies responsible for ensuring law and order and security of the country).
A comprehensive and consistent state youth policy is designed to ensure the high efficiency of the implementation of social functions of youth, which is the most important factor in the sustainable development of society and the successful solution of the tasks facing the state.
On the contrary, the absence or insufficient development of the state youth policy reduces the quality of the implementation of social functions of the youth, in general -leads to inhibition of state and socio-economic development (7).
Youth policy should begin with children, forming appropriate value orientations and competencies that will give them the opportunity to be realized within the borders of Ukraine, form entrepreneurial skills in the young generation to create their own business project, develop financial and information literacy, etc. (Drapushko R., Gorinov P., Filyk N., 2022: 28-31).
In order to raise the level of the public position of youth, a certain level of awareness of youth work centers is necessary, in connection with this, appropriate centers, clubs, and circles for youth are created.
Given the fact that Ukraine is in a state of war, the existing physical threats to young people should be taken into account when exercising their right to education and leisure. So, for example, in 100 days of full-scale war, Russia completely destroyed 180 educational institutions. Another 1,708 were damaged. Kharkiv Oblast suffered the most destruction: 370 institutions were damaged, 52 were destroyed. Hundreds of schools are now shelters for temporarily displaced people. Whether it will be possible to resume the educational process offline from September is currently unknown (25). Therefore, we can state the need to coordinate the efforts of state institutions, public organizations and youth in the matter of organizing the educational process both in Ukraine and abroad. There are also other challenges of a security and psychological nature that require the help of the state in solving them.
The large-scale war in Ukraine poses many challenges to all Ukrainians, regardless of where they live and what sphere of life their activities belong to. There are new tasks for psychological services that work to support the mental health of children and adults. Previous studies and the bitter experience of other countries affected by armed conflicts show that at least one in five people will have negative mental health consequences, and one in ten will experience these consequences at the level of moderate or severe illness.
"Every day, the number of people who will experience consequences for their mental health will increase. Even those who were able to withstand the first months of the war will suffer mental exhaustion, because getting used to being in a constant war can also have a negative impact on mental health. According to our preliminary forecasts at the moment of the war, about 15 million Ukrainians will need psychological support in the future, of which about 3-4 million will need to be prescribed medication," said Minister of Health Viktor Lyashko, presenting the results of the express audit of services for mental health care provided by state authorities.
Accordingly, we believe that appropriate strategies should be developed to maintain a positive and constructive focus on continuing the activities of state and public organizations for youth, despite the various challenges of wartime. So, we can state that in the future, taking into account the definition of the state youth policy as a priority and specific direction in the state's activities at the legislative level, there is a need for the maximum involvement of young people in the programs of reconstruction of post-war Ukraine. For this, it is necessary to take into account the economic, social, historical, cultural features and development opportunities of Ukraine, taking into account the foreign experience of state support for youth.

Peculiarities of youth involvement in youth work
The path to youth participation in policy-making processes consists of three stages (Shier H., 2010: 24-37). The first stage is the opening to work with young people and the introduction of "awareness that participation is desirable" (Head B., 2011: 541-547). The second is the creation of opportunities to work with young people. Opportunities are created by adequately funding efforts and providing adults and youth with skills and knowledge (Shier H., 2010: 24-37). The third stage is to make work with young people mandatory, in other words, it becomes normaly.
Youth work is the constituent of youth policy. At national level by the central organ of executive power which provides forming of youth policy and its realization.
Youth work in combination with an effective public policy in a youth sphere is the mortgage of providing the young people of possibilities to obtain knowledge, skills and approaches, necessary for public activity and social actions. Effective policy of the state in a youth sphere, above all things, directed on providing of support of young people in realization of their personality potential as separate members of society.
An observance of principles of youth work is the mortgage of effective work with young people. In general, the principles of youth work include both general ethical norms of work and specific professional requirements related to youth work.
Among the selected principles, two groups can be conditionally distinguished: first, these are principles based on ethical norms and values; secondly, the principles relating to the specifics of youth work.
Youth work is realized in different places: youth clubs and youth centers; youth organizations operating on a voluntary basis; youth consultative and advisory bodies, informational and propaganda and independent youth projects; youth cafes; youth creative teams; any youth groups etc.
Places for working with young people include both specialized youth institutions (for example, youth centers, residential institutions or camps, youth shelters and places where young people live) and non-specialized institutions (for example, educational institutions, libraries, cafes, parks, on the streets, in shopping centers, in hospital departments, in the field of employment or social service centers, on the Internet, etc.). It can also be various state and non-state organizations, including local self-government bodies, public organizations, churches and even prisons.
In addition to youth centers and youth spaces, many institutions and organizations of various spheres of activity and various departmental subordination work with young people. Work with youth at the community level is provided by institutions of the education system, cultural institutions, institutions of social protection, institutions of the health care system, and rehabilitation institutions.
The integration of efforts of all subjects of youth work: specialists in the youth field, social services, educators, psychologists, families, public associations, authorities and the young person himself realizes the mechanism of collective solution of individual problems and ensuring conditions for the development of a young person.
The ongoing military events left an imprint on the implementation of youth policy in Ukraine. For example, the Department of Youth Policy of the Ministry of Youth and Sports states that as a result of Russia's war against Ukraine, the level of external and internal migration among young people has increased. A significant number of young people cannot adapt to a new place in the status of an IDP, or have lost the opportunity to study professionally or develop in their favorite business, lost their familiar environment and friends. As a result, experts note an increase in the level of unemployment among young people, an increase in the level of stress in young people, and other problems. At the same time, for various objective reasons, youth organizations cannot fully provide the necessary assistance and conduct youth policy at the appropriate level (30). All of the above requires an appropriate response from the state.
The types of youth work depend on possibilities those, who carries out youth work. In countries, where at local level there is the state financing (youth centers, youth clubs, youth spaces, and others like that) youth work is more widely presented. In countries where youth work is mainly carried out by non-governmental organizations, other types of youth work are widespread (for example, programs for the development of soft skills, active participation and political awareness, health and prevention programs, etc.). However, the specifics of youth policy also depend on political and security issues within the country. So, for example, Maryna Popatenko notes that as a result of Russia's armed aggression, about 40% of the youth in Ukraine suffered. Accordingly, with the aim of creating interaction between state and non-governmental organizations and the civilian population, the Ministry of Youth and Sports launched the activity of 23 Cooperation hubs in 18 regions of Ukraine within the framework of the activities of the "Spivdiya" platform.
The mission of the Community of Hubs is to support the civilian population, especially young people, in ensuring their fundamental rights, providing psychological and legal support, accompaniment and adaptation to life during the war, as well as providing assistance in supporting, becoming, and finding a young person in the new Ukrainian post-war reality (17). Since youth centers are understandable and accessible to young people, they will be able to speed up the process of adaptation and inclusion of young people in new social processes. For this purpose, among the main services provided by Spivdia hubs are: -humanitarian aid to the population: food, hygiene products, clothes, mattresses, household appliances, etc.; -psychological support: formation and support at the appropriate level of the psychological state of the civilian population, in particular, young people regarding adaptation in social life during the war and in the post-war period; -legal support: informing the civilian population, in particular the youth, about rights and responsibilities during the war in Ukraine, consulting on the rights and opportunities of women and men; -creation of a children's space for the development of informal education among children and youth (Spivdiya children); -ensuring the work of career consultants for young people who will help young people adapt to new conditions and find work in Ukraine; -development of the direction of joint entrepreneurship with the aim of supporting young entrepreneurs in Ukraine to restore the economy (17).
Such initiatives are evidence of the youth's activity in solving those issues that are specifically facing the state today.

Legislative provision of youth policy in Ukraine
The foundations of youth policy in independent Ukraine were laid with the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Declaration "On the General Principles of State Youth Policy in Ukraine" (December 15, 1992) and the Law of Ukraine "On Promotion of the Social Formation and Development of Youth in Ukraine" (February 5, 1993) (20), which define the general principles of creating conditions for social formation and development of youth, the main directions of implementation of the state youth policy.
In addition to these basic documents, a number of decrees and orders of the President were formed, which regulate certain aspects of the state youth policy, in particular regarding the support of youth public organizations, employment provision, development of youth housing construction, work with gifted youth, etc. (Sofiy O., 2020: 63). In order to implement these laws and decrees, appropriate resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, normative legal acts of ministries and departments that had youth issues in their powers, as well as strategies, state and regional target programs for youth were periodically formed.
At the national level, the Strategy for the Development of State Youth Policy for the period until 2030 (Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 94/2021 of March 12, 2021) is currently in effect in the youth field, which defines the following priorities: safety (increasing the safety of the environment); health (formation of healthy lifestyle skills, development and preservation of physical culture); capacity (attracting young people to participate in public life, forming civic competences); integration (increased mobility, social and cultural integration of youth).
During 2018-2020, UNICEF supported the development of the National Strategy of State Youth Policy in Ukraine until 2030.
The main goal of the strategy is to create opportunities for young people in Ukraine to be competitive, healthy, who will contribute to society as conscious citizens (28).
Special attention should be paid to cooperation with UN organizations. Thus, in 2020, UNFPA continued close cooperation with the government of Ukraine, in particular, with the Ministry of Youth and Sports. A number of important documents were developed during the year, to which UNFPA participated: National Youth Strategy of Ukraine until 2030; Concept of the state social target program "Youth of Ukraine" for 2021-2025; Draft Law No. 3718 on the Basic Principles of Youth Policy UNFPA conducted a needs assessment to update the educational module "Healthy lifestyle of youth during COVID-19" for the "Youth worker" program, which is implemented by the State Institute of Family and Youth Policy with the support of the Ministry of Youth and Sports and UNDP in Ukraine.
The project "Youth policy in Ukraine: policy, practice, analytics" was also launched, developed in partnership with UNICEF and the Ministry of Youth and Sports, the purpose of which is to provide effective policy and practical tools in the youth sphere, in particular at the village, city and community level (27).
The Committee on Youth and Sports operates at the level of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. In accordance with the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "On the list and subjects of mandate of the committees of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the ninth convocation" (from August 29, 2019, No. 19-IX), the main areas of state youth policy are included in its mandate.
By Resolution No. 246 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated March 20, 2019, the state institution "All-Ukrainian Youth Center" was established. The center is responsible for the organizational, legal, methodical and information support of the regional centers. In addition, the center takes care of conducting international and all-Ukrainian events regarding the implementation of priority tasks in the youth field. Separately, "an example of positive experience in the formation of value orientations of young people is the activity of the all-Ukrainian Youth Public Organisation "Heart to Heart", the National Scout Organization of Ukraine "Plast", the National Scout Organization of Ukraine "NOSU", the All-Ukrainian Community Center "Volunteer", the all-Ukrainian Youth Public Organisation "Social Initiative", the all-Ukrainian Youth Public Organisation "Democratic initiatives of the youth" in the direction of conducting organizational activities among the youth regarding the formation of a culture of lawful behavior of the youth (Drapushko R., Gorinov P., 2021: [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].
In addition, youth work as a component of youth policy is aimed at a population category that is constantly changing and has great potential for change. Also, the constant structural changes taking place in the country in recent years create significant differences in the life orientations and values of youth representatives, compared to other categories of the population.
Constant development and changes in the attitudes and needs of young people, increasing the time for formation and self-determination of young people in the conditions of constant reforms and decentralization of power, requires ensuring the conditions for the development of the personal potential of young people and the involvement of young people in public life. This requires the implementation of an effective system of youth work, built on the principle "for the youth and together with the youth." The creation of a new consultative and advisory body under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine -the Youth Council -with the aim of involving active youth in the implementation of state policy in the field of foreign relations in the context of Ukraine's military challenges, is positive. "For the first time in history, we are launching a new format for involving young people in the country's diplomatic life and starting the selection of active, talented young Ukrainians for the Youth Council at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Attracting talented young people to the Ukrainian diplomatic service is one of my priorities in the personnel policy of the ministry. I am convinced that this will contribute to the effective coordination of joint actions on the diplomatic front, as well as the development of international youth contacts," said Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro Kuleba (22).

Conclusions
Youth work is a field related to formal education and the influence of a young person's immediate environment (family, friends, peers, community), which provides the opportunities for personal, social and educational development necessary to successfully facilitate the transition of young people to adulthood.
The use of various methods, forms and practices of youth work contributes to the involvement of young people in social life, significantly strengthens the position of young people in education and development.
Thus, we supported the position of scientists that youth is a socially differentiated sociodemographic community that has special physiological, social-psychological, theoreticalcognitive, cultural-educational and other characteristics that distinguish its biological and social maturation as the realization of its self-expression internal essential forces and social qualities (Bebyk V., 2006: 41-65).
The implementation of the youth policy contributes to ensuring the necessary conditions and opportunities for its implementation in education, gaining experience, with the help of which young people have the opportunity to acquire new knowledge and skills, as well as their future implementation in practice.
The active role of young people in the process of forming youth policy and youth work is determined by the fact that they not only copy established patterns of adaptive behavior and interaction, but also introduce new content into them -depending on rapidly changing living conditions.
A necessary condition for opening opportunities to work with young people is the formation of their knowledge and skills. Participation in the policy-making process requires basic knowledge of law, mediation and negotiation (the "rules of the game"). The skills required are cognitive (citizenship education), but especially non-cognitive (communication and negotiation skills). Young people need to be taught to formulate their messages clearly and use communication tools effectively (Kolev A., Giorgi S., 2011).
The state should qualitatively change approaches to the content of youth policy through appropriate work with young people. To this end, appropriate programs for self-realization and economic employment of youth should be developed through the development of entrepreneurial skills and training in entrepreneurial and financial literacy, youth lending, quality education that meets modern challenges (Drapushko R., Gorinov P., Filyk N., 2022: 28-31).
We agree that the state youth policy must remain one of the most important, priority areas of the state's activity and must be constantly implemented taking into account its capabilities at the political, social, economic, legislative and organizational levels to create favorable conditions for life self-determination and self-realization of young citizens, solving urgent problems youth, support for its innovative activities, public activity. For this purpose, in the near future it is necessary to integrate and focus efforts and resources on the main areas of work with youth, in accordance with the already adopted laws of Ukraine, other legislative and regulatory acts, national, state, industry programs and ensure the immediate implementation of the priority tasks defined by them (19).
It is positive that the youth of Ukraine takes an active part in the defense of their homeland, works in the rear, participates in humanitarian, educational, and informational projects, opposes misinformation and manipulation on the Internet, participates in dialogues of victory and in the development of programs for its participation in the restoration of Ukraine.