BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM THE NEEDLES OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS
Keywords:
Juniperus сommunis, needles, extracts, polyphenols.
Abstract
The authors have tested different methods for preparing ethanol and aqueous extracts from the needles of the natural forms of the common juniper and researched some of their biologically active properties. They found 70% ethanol to be the best extractor of bioactive substances from the needles of the common juniper in contrast to 50% and 30% ethanol. They prove that the optimal way to obtain alcohol extracts is crushing the needles of the common juniper to linear sizes: 0.5-2 mm and to infuse in 70 % of ethanol for at least 20 days. Alcohol extracts obtained in this way (10%, g/g) contain polyphenols in the mass concentration of 0.40±0.02 mg/g biomass, ascorbic acid – 1.66±0.1 μg/g of mass and have weak antibacterial properties in relation to the microbiological test culture Escherihia coli, but not in relation to Streptococcus epidermis. A simple and at the same time optimal method to obtain aqueous extracts (10%, g/g) is boiling the uncrushed pieces of J. communis in water for 5 minutes. The aqueous extracts obtained by boiling of both crushed and uncrushed raw materials do not have an antibacterial action on the microbial test cultures.
References
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Ved, A., Gupta, A., Rawat A.K. (2017). Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Phenol-Rich Fraction of Juniperus communis Linn. Leaves. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13 (49), 108-113. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.197648. [in English].
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Wei, L., Xu, C., Jansen, S., Zhou, H., Christoffersen, B. O., Pockman, W. T., Middleton, R. S., Marshall, J. D., & McDowell, N. G. (2019). A heuristic classification of woody plants based on contrasting shade and drought strategies. Tree Physiology, tpy146. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy146. [in English].
Adams, R. P., Pandey, R. N., Leverenz, J. W., Dignard, N., Hoegh, K., & Thorfinnsson, T. (2003). Pan-Arctic variation in Juniperus communis: Historical Biogeography based on DNA fingerprinting. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 181-192. [in English].
Angioni, A., Barra, A., Russo, M. T., Coroneo, V., Dessi, S., & Cabras, P. (2003). Chemical composition of the essential oils of Juniperus from ripe and unripe berries and leaves and their antimicrobial activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51 (10), 3073–3078. DOI: 10.1021/jf026203j. [in English].
Bais S., Abrol, N., Prashar, Y., & Kumari, R. (2017). Modulatory effect of standardised amentoflavone isolated from Juniperus communis L. agianst Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in rats (histopathological and X Ray anaysis). Biomed Pharmacother, 86, 381-392. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.027. [in English].
Ben, M. R., Bouchmaa, N., Bouargalne, Y., Ramdan, B., Karrouchi, K., Kabach, I., El Karbane, M., Idir, A., Zyad, A., & Nhiri, M. (2019). Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus Needles and Berries. Molecules, 24(3). DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030502. [in English].
Cavalerio, C., Pinto, E., Gonçalves, M. J., & Salguero L. (2006). Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils against dermatophyte, Aspergillus and Candida strains. Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 100 (6), 1333-1338. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02862.x. [in English].
El Omari, K., Hamze, M., Alwan, S, Osman, M., Jama, C., & Chihib, N. E. (2019). In-vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Micromeria barbata, Eucalyptus globulus and Juniperus excelsa against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (including MDR), Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium gordonae. Journal of infection and public health. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.058. [in English].
Huyan, T., Li, Q, Wang, Y.L, Li, J., Zhang, J.Y, Liu, Y.X, Shahid, M.R., Yang, H., & Li, H.Q. (2016). Anti-tumor effect of hot aqueous extracts from Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. and Juniperus sabina L - two traditional medicinal plants in China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 185, 289-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.044. [in English].
Jegal, J., Park, S. A, Chung, K., Chung, H. Y, Lee, J., Jeong, E. J., Kim, K. H., & Yang, M. H. (2016). Tyrosinase inhibitory flavonoid from Juniperus communis fruits. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 80 (12), 2311-2317. DOI: 10.1080/ 09168451.2016.1217146. [in English].
Karaman, I., Sahin, F., Gulluce, M., Sengul, M., & Adiguzel, A. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. Ethnopharmacol, 85, 231-235. [in English].
Klepach, H. M., & Monastyrska, S. S. (2017). Methods of obtaining extracts from some medicinal plants and assessing their antibacterial and insecticidal action. Promoting healthy lifestyle: health and environment: monographic series. Drohobych: Publication Department at Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 2, 197-210. [in Ukraine].
Latimer, G. W. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. AOAC: Arlington, 2, p. 1058. [in English].
Malyk, O. G., Voloshans’ka, S. Y., & Kravtsiv, M. M. (2010). Biologically active substances and medicinal products made from Juniper ordinary. The Animal Biology, 12(1), 37-43. [in Ukraine].
Pavlishko, H. M., Ryabinina, O. V., Zhilyakova, T. A., Sakharov I., Yu., Gerzhikova, V. G., & Gonchar, M. V. (2005). Oxidase-Peroxidase Method of Ethanol Assay in Fermented Musts and Wine Products. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 41(6), 604-609. [in English].
Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidations substractes and antioxidans by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methоds in enzymology, 299, 152-178. DOI: 10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1. [in English].
Stark, S., Martz, F. (2018). Gender Dimorphism Does Not Affect Secondary Compound Composition in Juniperus communis After Shoot Cutting in Northern Boreal Forests, 9,1910. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01910. [in English].
Stark, S., Niva, A., Martz, F., & Vuorela, E. (2010). Sustainable Gathering of Juniper and Bilberry Shoots for Natural Product Industry (In Finnish, English abstract). Jokioinen: MTT Raportti 3. [in English].
Taviano, M. F, Marino, A., Trovato, A., Bellinghieri, V., Melchini, A., Dugo, P., Cacciola, F., Donato, P., Mondello, L., Güvenç A, De Pasquale R, & Miceli N. (2013). Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus and Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. macrocarpa (Sibth. & Sm.) Ball. "berries" from Turkey: comparative evaluation of phenolic profile, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology , 58, 22-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.049. [in English].
Ved, A., Gupta, A., Rawat A.K. (2017). Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Phenol-Rich Fraction of Juniperus communis Linn. Leaves. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13 (49), 108-113. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.197648. [in English].
Voloshanska, S. Ya., Kossak, G. M., Skrobach, T. B., & Harachko, T. I. (2014). Pharmacological Properties of Juniperus communis L. and Peculiarities of its Extension within Drohobych Region. The Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 24 (4), 179-184. [in Ukraine].
Wei, L., Xu, C., Jansen, S., Zhou, H., Christoffersen, B. O., Pockman, W. T., Middleton, R. S., Marshall, J. D., & McDowell, N. G. (2019). A heuristic classification of woody plants based on contrasting shade and drought strategies. Tree Physiology, tpy146. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy146. [in English].
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Published
2019-04-03
How to Cite
Klepach, H., Voloshanska, S., Kovalchuk, H., & Stopa, A. (2019). BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM THE NEEDLES OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS. Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 34(3), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.23856/3413
Section
Medical Science
