Scientific Journal of Polonia University

SCULPTURE FOR DESIGNERS: TEACHING METHODS IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

2025-07-31T16:46:48+03:00

This article explores the role of sculpture in the professional training of designers and examines effective methodological approaches to its teaching in higher education. The rele-vance of three-dimensional thinking in unlocking the creative potential of future designers is substantiated. The study is based on the analysis of current educational programs, pedagogical strategies, and practical teaching experience. It highlights key principles of sculpture instruc-tion that develop spatial thinking, artistic perception, and professional competencies. The use of interactive methods, digital tools, and integrated approaches is analyzed. The results show that combining traditional and innovative techniques enhances the assimilation of material, stimulates creative thinking, and better prepares students for professional practice in design. The findings have practical value for improving the content and methodology of sculpture courses within design education.

ZUM MILITÄRISCHEN DISKURS ALS EINEM WESENTLICHEN BESTANDTEIL DES INSTITUTIONELLEN DISKURSES

2025-07-31T16:46:46+03:00

Der Beitrag untersucht militärischen Diskurs als spezifische Form eines breiteren Phänomens des institutionellen Diskurses. Institutioneller Diskurs bezieht sich auf kommunikative Praktiken, die innerhalb und zwischen sozialen Institutionen stattfinden und durch ihre sozialen, politischen und historischen Kontexte geprägt sind. Der militärische Diskurs stellt einen besonderen Typ dar, der sich durch Verwendung militärisch-technischer Termini sowie durch spezifische Normen, Werte und Machtstrukturen auszeichnet. Dieser Diskurs wird nicht nur in militärischen Einrichtungen selbst, sondern auch in breiterer Gesellschaft und Medien reproduziert, wobei er sowohl Wahrnehmung von Konflikten als auch Legitimation militärischer Aktivitäten beeinflusst. Die Analyse zeigt, dass militärischer Diskurs als eine Form institutionalisierten Wissens und Kommunikationsverhaltens mit klaren gesellschaftlichen und politischen Zielen verbunden ist, die weit über den technischen oder taktischen Bereich hinausgehen. Militärische Fachbegriffe und die Sprache der Sicherheitspolitik werden als Werkzeuge zur Konstruktion und Stabilisierung von Machtverhältnissen innerhalb der Gesellschaft betrachtet. Der Beitrag beleuchtet, wie militärischer Diskurs als wesentlicher Bestandteil des institutionellen Diskurses dient, um soziale Ordnung zu gestalten und Wahrnehmung von Krieg, Sicherheit und Verteidigung zu prägen. In diesem Kontext wird militärischer Diskurs als Schlüsselressource für Formulierung und Umsetzung politischer Entscheidungen und Schaffung kollektiver Identitäten innerhalb nationaler, internationaler Gemeinschaften analysiert. Der institutionelle Diskurs wird als besondere Art der Kommunikation betrachtet, die sich einer Reihe von Regeln für Verwendung von Sprachmitteln bedient, die unter bestimmten Bedingungen und in bestimmten Kontexten regelmäßig wiederholt werden. Typen des institutionellen Diskurses werden identifiziert und ihre Normen sowie Merkmale werden umrissen. Kategorie der „sozialen Institution“ wird als Vermittler zwischen Individuum und Gesellschaft definiert und ihre Eigenschaften werden charakterisiert. Der Fokus liegt auf Merkmalen und Funktionen des militärischen Diskurses.

MORAL AND AESTHETIC PARAMETERS IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES OF ADOLESCENT MUSIC SCHOOL STUDENTS

2025-07-31T16:46:45+03:00

The article analyzes the concept of "value orientations", which are viewed as meaning-making attitudes internalized by individuals through the process of socialization. The article explores the specific features of how value orientations develop during adolescence. It is particularly noted that, at this stage of life, peer groups ‒ engaged in shared activities and communication ‒ exert a significant influence on this process.The development of an adolescent's hierarchical value system is examined through key parameters: the degree to which the hierarchical structure of values is formed as a unified whole, the content of value orientations (characterized by a set of specific values included in the structure), and the direction of this structure.The article also addresses the issue of cultural self-identification in the context of value orientation formation, briefly outlining the role of experiential learning in this process. It is noted that cultural identification in adolescence often takes on a transitional, intermediate nature, in which identity is no longer rooted in the immediate environment and begins to seek out new forms.The article explores the educational influence of art on the formation of personal value orientations. It highlights the role of music education—particularly learning to play a musical instrument ‒ in fostering value orientations that help adolescents resist negative influences and favor constructive choices. Finally, the article discusses the main factors to be considered when selecting and implementing methods and tools for supporting adolescents' personal development and the formation of their value systems.

MEDIАLOGY IN MODERN KNOWLEDGE: PROFESSIONAL PERCEPTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2025-07-31T16:46:44+03:00

The article offers an interdisciplinary analysis of scholarly approaches to understandingmedia reality, situated at the intersection of humanitarian, social, technological, and communicationknowledge. It outlines research domains that may serve as an intellectual foundation forthe development of mediаlogy as an integrative metatheory. Particular attention is given to thereconfiguration of mediаlogy’s core subject area, which entails an expansion of its conceptualframework and categorical apparatus in response to the challenges of the digital age. The theoreticalinsights are complemented by an empirical component – an online survey of Ukrainianmedia professionals – whose results revealed both a fragmented understanding of the termmediаlogy and a clear demand for greater professional awareness in media literacy, mediahygiene, media deontology, and media psychology. These findings have informed the author’sinterpretation of mediаlogy as a multilevel system of knowledge that unites analytical reflectionwith practical applicability, functioning simultaneously as a tool for critical media analysis andas a resource for fostering responsible media practices on both global and individual levels.

STYLISTIC DEVICES OF INDIRECT ACTUALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT OF TRAUMA IN ELIZABETH STROUT'S NOVEL “OLIVE KITTERIDGE”

2025-07-31T16:46:42+03:00

The article is devoted to the analysis of stylistic devices used for the indirect actualization of the concept of TRAUMA in Elizabeth Strout’s novel “Olive Kitteridge”. The focus of the research is on metaphors, similes, personifications, epithets, metonymies, oxymorons, and other stylistic means by which the author conveys the psycho-emotional state of the characters. Particular attention is paid to the descriptions of bodily reactions, somatic manifestations, emotional outbursts, and the interaction between humans and nature. This mode of actualizing the concept of TRAUMA reveals the inner pain and psychological crises experienced by the characters. Through the use of artistic tropes, Elizabeth Strout succeeds in depicting the dynamics of emotional traumatization: from physical pain to the loss of identity, from fear to alienation. The detailing of psychosomatic symptoms, behavioral disturbances, and associations with natural processes creates a profound depiction of psychological suffering. The indirect actualization of traumatic experience through stylistic devices in the novel enhances its artistic effect, allowing the reader to immerse themselves in the inner world of the characters and perceive the multidimensionality of their experiences. The article demonstrates that stylistic devices function not only as aesthetic elements within the novel but also as significant tools for the cognitive representation of psychological trauma. The analysis confirms that traumatic experience in “Olive Kitteridge” is embodied through multilayered linguistic structures that require a comprehensive interpretative approach.

3D CLOTHING VISUALIZATION AS AN INNOVATIVE TOOL FOR THE FASHION INDUSTRY

2025-07-31T16:46:40+03:00

The study focuses on the integration of three-dimensional (3D) visualization as an innovative tool for transforming design practices in the fashion industry. The increasing digitalization of manufacturing processes and the globalization of the economy present new challenges for the personalization of clothing. 3D design and printing technologies enable the creation of removable decorative elements, facilitating the customization of standard clothing models. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the use of three-dimensional visualization as an innovative tool for transforming design practices in the fashion industry, taking into account aesthetic, technological, and socio-cultural factors. The methodological framework is based on an interdisciplinary synthesis of visual semiotics and the conceptual foundations of virtual materialism, enabling a multifunctional approach to the analysis of the phenomenon. Particular attention is given to the application of 3D visualization in creating virtual prototypes that allow designers to evaluate the shape, texture, and materials of future garments. This approach optimizes the design process, reduces time and material costs, and minimizes textile waste, aligning with the principles of sustainable development. The study examines the technological aspects of 3D modeling, including the use of software such as Marvelous Designer and ZBrush for developing digital patterns, sculpting surface details, and material texturing. The analysis explores the impact of aesthetic, technological, and socio-cultural factors on the adoption of 3D technologies. Using the case of the Limerense_com brand, the research highlights innovative approaches to producing digital clothing analogues that function as both commercial products and conceptual artifacts. The findings underscore the epistemological shifts in materializing aesthetic narratives within the postmodern fashion industry, where physicality is supplanted by digital simulations offering high perceptual fidelity, commercial viability, and artistic expressiveness.

THE GENRE SPECIFICITY OF INTERACTIVE CINEMA

2025-07-31T16:46:39+03:00

This article aims to investigate the genre specificity of interactive cinema by analyzing the transformation of traditional cinematic genre conventions under the influence of key char- acteristics of interactivity, such as user agency and narrative non-linearity. The relevance of the study stems from the growing popularity of interactive media and the necessity for theoretical conceptualization of their hybrid nature, which complicates genre classification. The research methodology comprises a theoretical analysis of genre concepts in film studies and interac- tive media theory, a comparative analysis of interactive cinema, traditional cinema, and video games, as well as case studies of representative interactive works: Black Mirror: Bandersnatch, Late Shift, and Detroit: Become Human. The research findings establish that interactive cin- ema functions not as a distinct genre, but as a spectrum of hybrid forms. It was found that interactivity fundamentally reshapes plot structures, character evolution, and stylistic elements.It is demonstrated that the nature of this transformation depends on the interplay between the technological platform, which determines the available toolkit of interactivity, and the conven- tions of the source genre, which influence how these tools are applied. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic analysis of the specific mechanisms of genre convention transformation, which enables a deeper understanding of the specifics of genre formation in interactive cinema.The work substantiates the prospects for further research in this dynamic field.

PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF DISTANCE LEARNING STUDENTS DURING WAR

2025-07-31T16:46:37+03:00

The war in Ukraine has forced many students to leave the country and continue their studies remotely. This study aims to analyze the problems faced by higher education students and provide them with recommendations on how to overcome the socio-psychological consequences through distance learning.This study aims to identify ways to support students in restoring their psychological health, adapting to temporary living conditions and developing a positive outlook on their future. The study emphasizes the role of university professors in facilitating student access to educational and training programs and supporting socio-cultural integration in countries of temporary residence.To achieve this, we examined the issues faced by displaced students and selected suitable methods and principles for working with them pedagogically. In particular, we employed scientific induction to help students understand the connections between social phenomena and processes; an empirical method based on online testing; and comparative analysis to activate a positive emotional state. We used an important method of interactive influence, such as conversation, to identify students' personal views. When preparing cultural and educational programs to help displaced students adapt to new conditions successfully, we took the following principles into account: an integrated approach to education; educating individuals as part of a team, involving students in the work of Ukrainian communities in other countries; and the unity of students' consciousness and behavior.The study determined the effectiveness of these methods and measures of pedagogical action. Communicating with students who switched to online learning affirmed their civic position, improved their performance and enhanced their intellectual potential and mental health.The experience described in this paper will be useful for lecturer-mentors in educational institutions to use.

POETIC TRANSLATION: CONCEPTUAL APPROACH IN LINA KOSTENKO’S VERSE WINGS

2025-07-31T16:46:36+03:00

In the proposed scientific investigation, the role of conceptual translation in poetic discourse is revealed. The famous verse “Wings” of an outstanding Ukrainian poetess Lina Kostenko has been translated from Ukrainian into English and analyzed emerging into deep senses of the poem. The poetic translations of the verse were presented and compared taking into consideration connotative side of main verse’s elements. The works have been done by the professional translators from Ukrainian into English and the prize-winners of All Ukraine translation competition held on the base of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University. The main conceptual components were the following: freedom, sky, heights, truth, clarity, love, devotion, truth, heaven, honor, poetry, dream. The above components helped to convey the inner meaning of the cultural phenomena into English from Ukrainian that reflected the differences and similarities in the worldview of these nations. Also the translators tried to preserve individual style of Lina Kostenko while translating the verse for making it as close as possible to the original. The suggested approach can be useful while translating text, poetic in particular, for making translation not only exact, but creative at the same time.

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO HARD AND SOFT SKILLS AS THE FOUNDATION OF PROFESSIONAL-ETHICAL CULTURE OF SPECIALISTS IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES

2025-07-31T16:46:34+03:00

Modern medical education requires specialists who combine high technical competence (Hard Skills) with developed ethical and communication skills (Soft Skills). The relevance of the research is due to growing demands for ethical behaviour among medical personnel in conditions of digitalisation, personalised medicine, and increased patient awareness. A gap is often observed between technical knowledge and insufficiently developed Soft Skills, complicating effective interaction with patients and colleagues. The novelty lies in substantiating an integrated author's model for forming Hard and Soft Skills based on principles of interdisciplinarity, ethical orientation, technological adaptability, and comprehensive assessment, considering international experience (Harvard Medical School, Karolinska Institute, NUS).The article analyses four conceptual approaches (integrative, competency-oriented, ethics-oriented, technological), identifies key components of Hard and Soft Skills, and challenges of their implementation. Research methods included theoretical analysis of scientific literature, systematisation and classification, comparative study of international experience, synthesis, and generalisation of the obtained data. Practical recommendations are proposed for Ukrainian medical universities regarding curriculum updates, faculty training, implementation of digital platforms, and collaboration with clinical bases. The research results will improve the quality of medical education and strengthen trust in the medical profession.

THE MARIUPOL TEXT IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN DRAMA AS A STUDY OF MEMORY AND A NEW COLLECTIVE SYMBOL OF GENOCIDAL PRACTICES

2025-07-31T16:46:33+03:00

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the Mariupol text in contemporary Ukrainian dramaturgy as a study of memory and a new collective symbol of genocidal practices against the Ukrainian people. The methodology of the research is based on an interdisciplinary approach, combining strategies of literary analysis, the study of collective and historical trauma, memory studies, and postcolonial criticism. Theater and dramaturgy play a key role in the memorialization of Mariupol, transforming individual testimonies and experiences into artistic works that preserve the memory of the tragedy. Through theatrical art, contemporary Ukrainian plays preserve the authentic experience of survivors and honor the memory of those who perished. Documentary and postdramatic theater serve as a unique way to capture and convey the real experience of war. The use of eyewitness testimonies, excerpts from letters, diaries, and social media makes these performances as truthful and emotionally powerful as possible. This approach allows theater not only to inform but also to deeply impact the audience, compelling them to feel the horrors of war, the despair, and the hope of those who survived the Mariupol tragedy. The Mariupol text is gradually becoming a new national symbol of resistance that will remain in history as a reminder of the aggressor's crimes and the strength of Ukrainian resistance.

GOOD GOVERNANCE AS A CONCEPT OF (POST-)WAR ECONOMY RECOVERY INFRASTRUCTURE

2025-07-31T16:46:31+03:00

This research explores the evolution of the concept of Good Governance as a fundamental requirement for effective recovery policy in the context of wartime and post-war economies.The core principles of Good Governance – responsibility, transparency, inclusivity, efficiency, public participation, and the rule of law – are investigated as tools for reestablishing stability and trust between citizens and the state in a crisis environment. A historical-comparative analysis of the implementation of Good Governance in post-war France, Korea, Bosnia, and Herzegovina is conducted to identify the essential components for successful institutional modernization and foreign support. The network-based approach to governance analysis used in this study high- lights the interactions between prominent actors, including the government, business, media, civil society, and foreign partners, to offer effective governance during a crisis. The findings indicate that the efficiency of Good Governance is more influenced by the institutional capacity of the governance network and the level of coordination than by the structure of the political system. The relevance of foreign experiences in developing Ukraine's strategic recovery plans based on Good Governance is evaluated. Future research will focus on implementing the concept of Good Governance in post-war recovery efforts in Ukraine.

PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF THE XXTH CENTURY BY ALAIN BADIOU

2025-07-31T16:46:30+03:00

The article highlights the views of the famous, somewhat controversial French philosopher A. Badiou on the past century. In the context of current events, in particular, the current Russian-Ukrainian war, this understanding is relevant, since the past directly affects the present.This analysis provides an opportunity to better understand what the present century is and can be. The thinker explores the 20th century using the method of interiorization, looking at the subject of study from within itself, examining it through the prism of its own art, poetry, literature, documents, etc., rather than just dry facts.A. Badiou emphasizes that the past century constantly sought to implement the project of creating a new man, proposed by F. Nietzsche, who was to appear as a negation of the old, imperfect man. It was an unsuccessful project, the new man was never created. But its creation was paid for with tens of millions of human lives.This project was a project of rupture and foundation. The century emerged as openly voluntarist, contradictory, since the ontology of Life and the voluntarist rupture of its continuity turned out to be incommensurable. The means of creating a new man was terror in the Soviet era, in China, Nazi Germany, Cambodia, etc., and at the same time, the beginning of somethingqualitatively different was proclaimed. The philosopher concludes that the past century was a passionate fascination with the real, even in its most horrific forms.The century constantly sought to achieve final victory by means of absolute war, supposedly the most just, and not local, unjust ones. Obsessed with the heroic, it did not think about the cost of this victory. The twentieth century. emerged as a century of total division. Destruction as a method of creating something new has been used in all spheres of life. A. Badiou proposes a method of subtractive thinking to minimize differences and overcome total division. Since the division is not overcome, the 21st century will be a century of war – this is the disturbing conclusion the philosopher came to.

ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF A PROJECT GROUP. SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

2025-07-31T16:46:28+03:00

This article explores the psychological dimensions of project group formation, advocating a systematic approach to enhance group cohesion and performance. The hypothesis asserts that integrating psychological principles – motivation, group identity, role clarity, and psychological safety – optimizes group formation processes. Utilizing Social Identity Theory, Tuckman’s group development model, and Self-Determination Theory, the study examines how individual and collective behaviors shape early group dynamics. Methods encompass general scientific approaches (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), theoretical research, historical analysis, statistical modeling, and mathematical formulation. A systematic framework, supported by statistical data and a mathematical model, is proposed to guide project managers.Practical recommendations address challenges like conflict, cultural diversity, and virtual team dynamics, bolstered by empirical evidence. The findings emphasize the universal relevance of psychological factors in project management. Future research directions include advanced metrics and virtual team adaptations.

CONDITIONS FOR THE LEGALITY OF THE USE OF COERCIVE MEASURES IN POLICE: STANDARDS OF THE CONVENTION FOR PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

2025-07-31T16:46:27+03:00

The article analyzes standards of compliance in police activities when using coercive measures (physical force, special means, firearms) under Articles 2 «Right to life» and 3 «Pro- hibition of torture» of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights. Based on the analysis, the conditions for the lawful use of coercive measures (physical force, special means, firearms) in police activities are defined. The article analyzes the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Ukraine regarding the main violations of Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, permissible police actions during the use of force, and proposes amendments to Ukrainian legislation. The Euro- pean Court of Human Right decisions concerning the justified use of police force are classified into three types: cases of the use of lethal force during police operations, cases of the use of force, including lethal force, during the suppression of riots or uprisings, and cases of the use of force by the police during the detention of a person for committing or suspected of com- mitting a criminal offense. The specific features of the interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights of material and procedural obligations when considering cases related to the use of force in police activities are defined. The prospects for future research on the chosen topic are outlined.

MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL STATE OF PERINEUM AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN RATS OF THE OLDER AGE GROUP DURING THE ADHESION PROCESS

2025-07-31T16:46:26+03:00

Age-related changes, the use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, food with preservatives and stabilizers, physical inactivity as a physical factor, surgical interventions, inflammatory processes are the consequences of the action of various physical and chemical factors leading to changes in the structure and functioning of all components of the peritoneum with subsequent remodeling of its individual histological structures. The consequence of the restructuring of the histological structure of the intestine and peritoneum most often, according to the literature, is the development of adhesive disease. The study of the behavior of rats was carried out using the "Open Field" observation method, which allows assessing motor activity, exploratory behavior, emotionality and anxiety of animals both at the individual and species levels. The morphological study included macroscopic, histological and morphometric assessment of the peritoneal tissues of its components in rats of the older age group. A macroscopic study of the visceral and parietal peritoneum was carried out, the number of adhesions in the abdominal cavity was counted, and their thickness was measured. The detected adhesive process in rats of the older age group is characterized by gradual remodeling of the tissues of the parietal and visceral peritoneum and the formation of connective tissue neoplasms.The detected adhesions were small, mobile and elastic, but also hard and dense, localized on the surface of the peritoneal tissue. The peritoneal tissues during the adhesive process lose elasticity and mobility, thicken and compact. As a result of the formation and spread of adhesions, the mobile segments of the small and large intestine are clamped and fixed in an unnatural position, which leads to acute intestinal obstruction. The total number of adhesions in the abdominal cavity of rats of the older age group was found to be 4.03±0.15 per studied area.Their total diameter was 1.12±0.03 mm.

THE MAIN LIVING CONDITIONS OF IXODID TICKS: VECTORS OF DANGEROUS INFECTIOUS AGENTS FOR HUMANS AND ANIMALS

2025-07-31T16:46:24+03:00

Ixodid ticks, as vectors of various dangerous infectious agents, are key players in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases. These ticks transmit pathogens like Borrelia spp., Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and others, which cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals (Dantas-Torres et al., 2012). Ticks are a significant public health threat, especially in regions where they are prevalent. The study of tick biology, ecology, and their interaction with physical and chemical environmental factors is crucial for understanding their life cycle and transmission potential (Sonenshine & Roe, 2013). This review highlights the factors affecting the survival of ticks, such as temperature, humidity, UV radiation, and their susceptibility to acaricides. Moreover, control methods and strategies are discussed to minimize the risks posed by tick-borne diseases.

PROCESSES OF APPLYING BUSINESS MODELS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE FIELD OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF TRANSPORT

2025-07-31T16:46:22+03:00

The article examines business models of social entrepreneurship in passenger transport enterprises as a tool for solving several pressing problems, such as limited access to trans- port for low-income groups, lack of necessary infrastructure for people with disabilities, and negative environmental impact. The conceptual foundations of social entrepreneurship are considered, and the key characteristics of social entrepreneurship business models are high- lighted. The programs of implementation of business models of social entrepreneurship in the transport sector are analyzed, and the advantages of their implementation and the main social missions they fulfil are determined. The possibilities of implementing these models in the activ- ities of passenger transport enterprises are determined. The article focuses on exploring the potential of applying social entrepreneurship business models in the passenger transportation sector. It aims to assess the impact of these models on the development of transportation sys- tems and to identify strategies for balancing the social and economic aspects of this sector.
The study employs several methods: generalization to understand the essence and principles of implementing social entrepreneurship business models in passenger transportation; analy- sis and synthesis to scientifically substantiate the adoption of these models in transportation enterprises; and a systematic approach, along with planning and forecasting, to determine the feasibility of introducing such business models into the operations of passenger transport companies.