Scientific Journal of Polonia University

TRAINING COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHERS: THE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES FOCUSING ON DATABASES

2025-09-08T10:52:40+03:00

This article examines the current state of computer science teacher training in Ukraine, with a particular focus on the study of databases as a critical component of both digital and subject-specific competencies. The relevance of this topic is substantiated in the context of the digital transformation of education, the economy, and society, as well as the growing demand for professionals capable of effectively working with information systems, databases, and cloud-based services. The study emphasizes the importance of mastering not only the fundamentals of the relational data model and SQL but also modern technologies such as NoSQL, Big Data, and data analytics tools. The methodological framework of the research includes content analysis of educational and professional programs in Ukrainian higher education institutions, elements of comparative analysis, and the synthesis of regulatory requirements with contemporary pedagogical approaches. The article presents comparative data on course duration, technologies covered, instructional platforms used, and the starting point of database instruction across several universities. Strengths and weaknesses of the educational programs are identified, including the predominance of classical DBMSs, limited coverage of emerging technologies, insufficient interdisciplinary integration, and weak alignment with real-world IT industry cases. The article discusses opportunities for improving the content of academic disciplines through updated methodological support, a strengthened practice-oriented component, alignment with international standards, and the integration of artificial intelligence and Big Data analytics elements. Recommendations are provided for the development of flexible, relevant, and technologically updated educational programs. This article may be of interest to researchers, university instructors, educational program developers, and specialists involved in the digital transformation of education.

SPECIFICS OF MODAL VERBS IN INTERCULTURAL ENGLISH COMMUNICATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT

2025-09-08T10:52:38+03:00

This article examines the pragmatic and linguo-functional role of modal verbs in English-language intercultural communication and their implications for the development of communicative competence. Modality, as a universal and culture-sensitive phenomenon, serves not only as a grammatical category but also as a key pragmatic tool for expressing speaker stance, intention, politeness, and interpersonal positioning. The study integrates theoretical perspectives from pragmatics, contrastive linguistics, and intercultural communication to analyze how modal verbs such as can, may, must, should, might, and would function across intercultural contexts. Empirical examples drawn from real-life intercultural exchanges, corpora, and classroom interactions demonstrate both pragmatic divergences and miscommunication patterns due to culturally encoded modal usage. The paper argues for the inclusion of pragmalinguistic training into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curricula with a focus on modal variation and awareness-raising strategies. It concludes with pedagogical recommendations on enhancing learners’ pragmatic competence through focused modality-based instruction in communicative and intercultural competence development.

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY AMONG NATURAL SCIENCES STUDENTS IN PRESENT CONDITIONS

2025-09-08T10:52:37+03:00

The article is devoted to the study of academic integrity in the context of scientific research conducted by students of natural science disciplines. It analyzes the current state of formation and implementation of academic integrity principles in student research activities, which are an essential part of the educational process and aim to develop practical skills necessary for future professional practice. The study identifies factors that contribute to violations of academic integrity, as well as opportunities to uphold its principles under challenging learning conditions. Various types of student research activities were examined to determine where breaches of academic integrity and instances of plagiarism are most commonly observed. It was found that the highest number of violations occur during the preparation of written term papers. Key reasons for students’ dishonest behavior include the mistaken belief that “plagiarism is not a problem” and the lack of understanding that academic misconduct harms both personal development and the future of the country. The article emphasizes the importance of introducing academic integrity concepts at the school level by explaining the consequences of violations, and of actively promoting the culture of academic honesty throughout all types of student activities in higher education institutions.The findings show that a well-structured, consistent, and step-by-step educational process that adheres to the norms and standards of academic practice significantly reduces the likelihood of academic integrity violations among students of natural sciences.

THE LITERARY STYLE OF BRI LEE’S EGGSHELL SKULL AND ITS DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

2025-09-08T10:52:35+03:00

The paper explores the distinctive features of author’s idiostyle in Eggshell Skull, a non-fictional memoir by Bri Lee, a contemporary Australian author and lawyer. Despite a growing global interest in Anglophone literature, Australian literary non-fictional texts (particularly memoirs) lack wide representation in linguistic studies. This research aims to identify and classify the key linguistic means in Lee’s debut work that contribute to her unique idiostyle.The methodological framework of the conducted research is based on exhaustive sampling, semantic and pragmatic analysis, classification, and computational methods. Lexical units in the sample were categorized into five primary groups: legal terminology (27.57%), colloquialisms (31.35%), vulgarisms (6.49%), idioms (14.05%), and proper names (20.54%). The analysis demonstrates that Bri Lee's idiostyle is deeply rooted in her professional legal background and personal experiences. The frequent use of domain-specific vocabulary and culture-specific proper names enhances local coloring, while colloquialisms and idioms contribute to narrative accessibility.Eggshell Skull emerges as a vivid and multifaceted text that reflects the author's linguistic individuality. This study underscores the perspective for broader idiostylistic inquiry into Lee’s complete oeuvre, offering insights into the interplay between language, identity, and genre in contemporary Australian memoir writing.

ARTIFICIAL VERSUS HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN ACADEMIC ESSAY WRITING: DO WE HAVE TO COMPETE WITH AI?

2025-09-08T10:52:34+03:00

The development of artificial intelligence opens up new opportunities for learning a second language and acquiring language skills. At the same time, when it comes to academic writing, AI’s ability to generate unique narratives makes it a serious rival to those students who work independently. Obviously, it is no use trying to ban ChatGPT or other similar technologies. Therefore, if ESL teachers do not want their students to lose critical thinking faculties, it is time to review methods of teaching academic writing.This study examines two groups of short essays on the same subject (analysis of a free verse poem), those written by senior ESL students and generated by artificial intelligence. Comparison between the groups is made in terms of linguistic characteristics of the essays (vocabulary, syntactic structures, figures of speech) and originality of the poem’s interpretation. Typical weak and strong points of the human-authored and AI-generated essays are pointed out.It is suggested that prior to setting an essay writing task, students can be engaged in choosing a topic that might interest them. They can start with writing a mock essay, ask ChatGPT to do the same, compare the two versions, and discuss the results in class. AI can help cope with linguistic problems; as to generating ideas, it is worth encouraging students to do it independently.

BASIC INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS

2025-09-09T12:34:44+03:00

The analysis of the main models for evaluating the effectiveness of the e-learning process is proposed, and differences in schemes are determined by the degree of integration of distance technology into the learning process and the degree of implementation of distance learning in the educational process. The general problems and trends of implementing models for assessing the quality of distance learning in the educational space are highlighted. A set of main problem tasks within the e-learning process is defined, and schemes for solving them based on the concept of distance education are proposed. A basic classification of the main schemes and models for evaluating the components of the e-learning process is proposed. The main sets of metrics and qualitative indicators (educational, didactic and economic) for evaluating the effectiveness of the electronic educational process are highlighted. The main models for assessing the quality of the educational process in the context of their strengths and weaknesses for the electronic educational process are analyzed. In the process of dividing schemes and models for evaluating the educational process into basic classes, basic attributes and primary features of the electronic educational process were identified.

THE MARVELOUS HERTS’ AS A LITERARY STRATEGY OF RESISTANCE IN WAR NARRATIVES

2025-09-08T10:52:30+03:00

This article analyzes Viktoriia Mikhieienko's The Marvelous Herts’, or How the Ukrainians and the French Saved a River in Burgundy as a multifaceted work transcending conventional children's literature. Although officially categorized as a children's book, the narrative explores profound philosophical, cultural, and existential themes through the experiences of seven-year-old Levko and his grandmother Ulia, Ukrainian refugees living in France.The study employs literary-critical, intertextual, philosophical, and ecocritical methodologies to examine the work's intricate symbolism and broader cultural significance. The central concept of "Herts'" emerges not merely as a physical confrontation but as a philosophical framework encompassing internal, moral, and spiritual struggle. The narrative's ecological metaphor, the battle against the invasive Jussie plant threatening the Arroux, serves as an allegory for contemporary threats to both cultural and natural environments.The research reveals how V. Mikhieienko constructs an intercultural dialogue between the Ukrainian Cossack ethos and French chivalric traditions through the friendship of Levko and the French girl Eva. The work demonstrates existentialist dimensions, with characters making authentic choices in confronting absurdity and adversity. Grandmother Ulia embodies stoic wisdom, teaching resilience through generational continuity and cultural preservation.The article concludes that The Marvelous Herts’ functions as a literary manifesto of the Ukrainian spirit, presenting resistance as both external action and internal transformation, making it a significant contribution to understanding the role of contemporary Ukrainian literature in shaping cultural identity during wartime.

PROJECT TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COMPETENCE SYSTEM FOR TRAINING EDUCATORS

2025-09-08T10:52:28+03:00

The article presents the results of a theoretical and practical study on the issue of using project technologies in the system of professional training for future teachers. The emphasis is placed on defining the essence of project technology through positioning its target orientation, basic characteristics identified through the theoretical study of the problem. The results of the research on the level of student's ability/readiness for project activity are presented based on basic quality criteria, and the dependencies identified in their context are interpreted.Based on the generalization of the process and results of experimental learning, the authors substantiate approaches to adequately organizing the educational activities of future teachers, concerning various formats of using project technologies in the context of the educational process. Examples of educational tasks in the framework of studying the academic discipline "Project technologies" are demonstrated, and the main accents of the process of ensuring adequate content and methodological support for the use of project technologies are highlighted.

L’IMAGE DU POÈTE DANS LE RECUEIL DE RENÉ CHAR “FUREUR ET MYSTÈRE”

2025-09-08T10:52:41+03:00

Cet article explore la représentation du poète dans le recueil “Fureur et Mystère” de René Char, considérée comme un élément crucial de sa vision poétique. L’étude s'appuie sur la combinaison des aspects personnels, historiques et métaphysiques, grâce auxquels le poète se présente comme une entité aux multiples facettes: combattant, témoin, mystique et interprète.L’article met en exergue que malgré les travaux approfondis des chercheurs français, en particulier Olivier Belin, Christine Dupouy et Stéphanie Thonnerieux, sur la stylistique, la géopoétique et la philosophie de R. Char, l'image du poète dans “Fureur et Mystère” demande une analyse plus détaillée.L’étude examine les concepts principaux “image artistique” et “image de l’auteur”, ainsi que leur influence sur l'établissement de l'identité poétique. Le poète chez R. Char ne se contente pas d'être un observateur ou un ornement littéraire: il est un participant impliqué, tiraillé entre des forces antagonistes – fureur et mystère, lumière et obscurité, action et silence.Cette dichotomie est omniprésente dans l’œuvre et définit l’identité du poète, qui se transforme en un être déchiré, simultanément meurtri et vecteur d’espoir, marginal tout en étant au centre.En examinant des éléments tels que les métaphores, les antithèses, les parallélismes et des fragments des “Feuillets d'Hypnos” et du “Partage formel”, l’auteur montre que la représentation du poète chez R. Char symbolise une tension intérieure, une recherche spirituelle et une résistance éthique. Ces aspects se dressent contre l’obscurité de l’époque grâce à la force du langage poétique.

PRINT OR PLAY: VERBAL AND MULTIMODAL NARRATIVE PECULIARITIES

2025-09-08T10:52:27+03:00

This article explores the narrative representation of Nancy Drew: The Phantom of Venice in two media formats: the printed novel by Carolyn Keene and the 2008 video game adaptation. The study focuses on the transformation of verbal storytelling into a multimodal communicative experience in a quest-type video game, examining how narrative elements are preserved, adapted, or altered. Particular attention is paid to the concept of ludonarrative dissonance, where the storyline and gameplay mechanics may conflict, potentially disrupting player immersion.The research draws on J. Huizinga’s theory of play and James Joyce’s epiphanic model, conceptualizing the game as an alternative form of cultural expression and reader’s multi-existence. By comparing Nancy’s character dialogue in the novel and the game, the study highlights changes in sentence structure, communicative intent, and character interaction.Quantitative analysis reveals a shift from narrative-heavy text in the book to dialogue-driven gameplay, with the novel containing 39% of author’s narrative and 61% of char- acters’ dialogue, while the video game features only 18% of author’s narrative content and 82% of characters’ dialogue. The study also examines the illusion of choice in the game and the psychological appeal of multiple possible outcomes, contrasting the linearity of print fiction with the interactive nature of digital storytelling.Ultimately, the article argues that while the video game adaptation retains core narrative elements, its structure reflects the needs of digital communication and player agency. This shift enables a deeper form of immersion, self-projection, and cognitive engagement, illustrating how video games reshape traditional literary experiences into dynamic, player-driven narratives.

FROM IDEAS TO STANDARDS: BORYS SHALAGINOV'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE FORMATION OF FOREIGN LITERATURE AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

2025-09-08T10:52:25+03:00

This article analyzes the significant contribution of the prominent Ukrainian scholar Borys Shalaginov to the development of normative documents for the school course of foreign literature in institutions of general secondary education in Ukraine. His key scientific positions regarding the course concept, principles of structuring educational information, and the role of the state standard and curricula are outlined. Particular attention is paid to Shalaginov's vision of the educational value of art as a means of affirming fundamental values that strengthen the human community. The article highlights his proposed principles for selecting works for school study, which include high artistic and aesthetic and pedagogical value, humanistic content, psychological appropriateness for specific age groups, scientific and theoretical representativeness, and a text volume suitable for classroom work. It is emphasized that these principles remain relevant today, especially with the deep penetration of digital technologies into schooling. The article also examines Professor Shalaginov's role in creating school curricula for foreign literature, which, unlike previous ones, fostered the formation of a personality rooted in national cultural heritage yet open to global ideas and values. It is proven that his programs created prerequisites for the synthesis of national and universal values. The conclusion is made that Borys Shalaginov's scientific and methodological ideas serve as a foundation for the further development of literary education in the New Ukrainian School.

DEVELOPING THE MECHANISM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INDUCTION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

2025-09-08T10:52:23+03:00

The article presents a theoretical justification and a conceptual model for developing the mechanism of psychological induction in medical students as an effective means of fostering professional identity, emotional competence, and ethical culture in future physicians. The relevance of the study is driven by the growing significance of affective and value-based components in medical education, as well as the insufficient theoretical and pedagogical exploration of the phenomenon of psychological induction. The article aims to design a conceptual model of psychological induction, define its structural components, identify pedagogical conditions for its implementation, and outline the expected outcomes. The research methodological framework is grounded in systemic, competency-based, and humanistic approaches, as well as concepts of social learning, reflective pedagogy, and narrative medicine. The proposed model integrates four interrelated components (cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and reflective), which enable profound value-emotional transformation during students’ professional formation. The article defines key pedagogical conditions that support the model's effectiveness: a safe educational environment, a person-centered and humanistic teaching style, emotionally rich instructional methods, development of reflexivity, and the creation of moral choice situations. Strategies for implementing the model into educational practice are proposed, including integration into academic disciplines and modules, redesigning pedagogical interactions, faculty training, and methodological support. Expected outcomes of the model’s application are outlined, and potential limitations are identified. Prospects for further research involve empirical validation of the model’s effectiveness and its adaptation to various educational contexts in medical training.

THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN THE AXIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL SPACE

2025-09-08T10:52:22+03:00

In the article, the authors define the concept of ‘academic integrity’ and determine the relationship of academic integrity with the main European values, such as academic freedom, critical thinking and trust, emphasising its role in the formation of a reliable and transparent educational environment. It is noted that in the context of rapid digitalisation and globalisation, where the availability of information is increasing, the issue of honesty and originality in educational and scientific activities becomes extremely important. Academic integrity acts as a fundamental ethical principle that guarantees the quality of the educational process, the reliability of scientific research and the legitimacy of qualifications. The authors analyse various dimensions of integrity – systemic, institutional, collegial and individual – demonstrating the complexity of its implementation and support at all levels of the educational space. Modern mechanisms for ensuring and promoting academic integrity are considered, including legislative initiatives, institutional policies, the role of European networks and the use of technological solutions to combat plagiarism. As a result of the pedagogical discourse, which was based on the analysis of scientific sources and self-reflection of experience, it was established that academic and pedagogical staff, as carriers of academic culture, are obliged to comply with the requirements of academic integrity in their professional activities.

THE MORAL AND ETHICAL DIMENSION OF THE EUROPE AN CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS

2025-09-08T10:51:41+03:00

The article highlights the problem of the moral and ethical dimension of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It emphasizes that for modern humanity, in the context of the attack of global dictatorships on the democratic world, it is very important to preserve and effectively utilize those legal acts that have become expressions of international legal standards, as they possess a profound humanitarian moral and legal significance. One of such international acts is the ECHR. This is an international legal act that embodies the universal humanistic experience. It is drafted in the framework of the natural law approach, which combines law with the spiritual culture of humanity, morality, ethics, religion, and God. The convention enshrines the principles of natural law, which, as distinctive programmatic guidelines for legislative activity, direct it towards a humanistic approach, orienting it towards the affirmation and protection of essential aspects of human existence and natural human rights. These principles, enshrining universal values and meanings, are intended to protect individuals and their rights from the arbitrariness of state power.The signatory states of the Convention are obliged to adhere to these legal standards in dealing with human beings. These principles, traditions, customs, values, meanings, etc., embody the fundamental principles of human existence. They concentrate everything that is universal, humanistic, and essential for people to fully develop and improve; without them, human existence is partial, incomplete, and distorted, which is why violating them is unacceptable. Each article of the Convention is filled with deep moral and ethical content. Each article, without exaggeration, embodies legal morality.Ukraine, having signed the Convention in 1997, undertook the obligation to implement its provisions into national legislation and to align legal practices with the legal standards enshrined in the Convention. Legal reform in modern Ukraine is aimed at transforming the legal sphere into a humanitarian one, filled with moral and legal content, thus overcoming the bankrupt legal reality.

THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS MECHANISM DURING THE WAR IN UKRAINE

2025-09-08T10:51:39+03:00

The article is devoted to identifying the features of the functioning of the mechanism for ensuring human rights during the war in Ukraine. The author determined that the main burden for ensuring human rights in Ukraine during the war fell on the Head of State, Parliament, Government, courts, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the Ombudsman, the Prosecutor’s Office, law enforcement agencies, local government bodies, local state administrations. At the same time, in connection with the war, in addition to the powers of peacetime, the above-mentioned public authorities experienced an additional burden due to the consequences of military actions.In addition to public authorities in Ukraine, there is a bar association and public organizations and political parties that also participate in the human rights process, their activities must be legal, timely and effective.One of the main problems of directly ensuring human and citizen rights and protecting and restoring violated rights lies not only in the area of gaps in legal regulation, but also in the area of insufficient material and human resources to ensure the implementation of relevant activities by public authorities.As a result of the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, temporarily, for the period of the legal regime of martial law, the possibility of restricting such rights and freedoms of a person and citizen has been introduced: the right to inviolability of the home, the secrecy of correspondence, the right to privacy, freedom of movement, the right to freedom of thought and speech, the right of citizens to participate in the management of state affairs, to elect and be elected, the right to peaceful assembly, the right to property, the right to entrepreneurial activity, the right to work, the right to strike, the right to education. All other rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Fundamental Law of Ukraine must be fully ensured.To fulfill this constitutional duty of the state, public authorities must simplify bureaucratic procedures, optimize document flow processes, apply an individual approach and the principle of the rule of law.

STRONG LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AS A LEVER TO COUNTERACT THE USURPATION OF POWER IN TRANSITIONAL DEMOCRACIES (RUSSIA AND BELARUS AS EXAMPLES)

2025-09-08T10:51:37+03:00

The article examines the problem of limiting local self-government in Russia and Belarus as one of the key factors of power usurpation. The authors analyze the constitutional and legal regulation of local self-government in both countries, paying attention to the existing mechanisms of influence of presidents and central authorities at the local level. In particular, they study the peculiarities of the formation of local self-government bodies, the scope of their powers and the real possibilities of implementing independent policy at the local level. It is emphasized that despite the formal guarantees enshrined in the Constitutions of the Russian Federation and Belarus, local self-government in these countries is largely controlled by the state authorities. This creates preconditions for the centralization of governance and a decrease in democratic control by citizens. The authors emphasize the importance of developing strong local self-government as a safeguard against the usurpation of power, supporting their position with comparative legal analysis and examples from Ukrainian legislation.

THE RIGHT OF THE CHILD TO EDUCATION DURING ARMED CONFLICT

2025-09-08T10:51:36+03:00

Education is one of the most important components of every child's life. Ongoing armed conflicts complicate the process of obtaining education, if not stop it altogether. In this case, the state, represented by authorized public administration entities, should assume the function of creating possible mechanisms to ensure children's right to education during armed conflict.The purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanisms established to ensure children's right to education during the armed conflict in Ukraine. The author of the article examines the legal basis for education in Ukraine both in peacetime and wartime. The problems faced by Ukrainian children in the field of education in connection with the armed conflict are highlighted. The article considers the mechanisms introduced by authorized public administration entities to continue education during the armed conflict.

REFORM OF THE SIMPLIFIED TAXATION SYSTEM AS A KEY AND HIGHLY DEBATED ASPECT OF TAX REFORM IN UKRAINE

2025-09-08T10:51:35+03:00

The article considers the current challenges of ensuring the economic and tax security of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, which has been in effect since February 24, 2022.The author emphasizes that the economic security of the state is inextricably linked to tax security, because taxes and fees, in particular from small and medium-sized businesses, are key sources of financing the security needs of the state. It is noted that the current regulatory and legal framework in the field of economic security is mainly declarative in nature and does not contain clear mechanisms for implementing tax security. Particular attention is paid to the simplified taxation system, which in modern conditions, in the author's opinion, poses a threat to tax security, as it contributes to incomplete tax revenue to the budget. The work justifies the need to revise the principles of functioning of this system, and its complete removal from tax legislation. The author emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to improving tax policy both in wartime and during the period of post-war reconstruction of the country.The focus of the study is on finding ways to achieve a balance between supporting entrepreneurship and ensuring stable revenues to budgets of all levels as the basis of national security in a broad sense.

CONCEPTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEMIC APPROACH AS A METHODOLOGY FOR ENSURING ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY RELATIONS IN UKRAINE

2025-09-08T10:51:33+03:00

In this article the author develops a conceptual and theoretical characteristic of the systemic approach as a methodological approach in ensuring administrative and legal regulation of social security relations in view of the fact that the main driving force of progress and social transformation of society is a person and the human and social capital of the state reproduced by him (the ability of its citizens to recreate political and social conditions of life in order to achieve a common goal that does not contradict the values, moral and ethical norms of society and the laws of the state) on the basis of a civilizational code that defines cultural determinants, as well as informal and formal values and norms shared by members of society. The political community and civil society of Ukraine supported the geopolitical vector of development towards the standards of the Euro-Atlantic civilizational community. The author believes that the «social mobilization» of broad segments of the population for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine will transform the system of governance towards its meritocracy, which, in turn, will expand opportunities for developing a public-private partnership model using the principles of a «social quality of life» policy, in which socio-economic security, social cohesion and social inclusion are components of ensuring stability and development.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ELECTRONIC PERSONHOOD) IN THE SPHERE OF EMPLOYMENT

2025-09-08T10:51:32+03:00

This article examines the increasing integration of modern technologies into contemporary employment relationships. It argues that artificial intelligence can be interpreted as a form of digital personhood (avatar). The concept of avatar is analyzed through three main dimensions: automation, which consists of symbols and actions that allow for full or partial imitation of the avatar’s activity; enhanced identification, such as user accounts, email addresses, or profiles in corporate governance systems; and anonymity, which facilitates the representation of corporate brands. The study highlights both positive and negative consequences of digital personhood in the workplace. On the positive side, it highlights the expansion of employment opportunities, the automation of routine tasks, and increased productivity. However, the article also identifies new challenges, including changes in employment structures, the need for retraining, risks of digital inequality, cybersecurity issues, and the use of neurotechnology in the workplace.

THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND FORMATION OF THE JUDICIARY UNDER CONDITIONS OF WAR

2025-09-08T10:51:30+03:00

The aim of this article is to analyze the legislative initiatives of the Ukrainian Parliament concerning the establishment of military courts and to forecast the feasibility of their implementation. The forecasting encompasses the current state of the judicial system, the staffing levels of courts with judges, and the progress of judicial selection procedures under the current functioning of the Higher Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine (HQCJ). The article examines the historical background and reasons behind the dissolution of military courts in Ukraine, as well as the potential for their restoration during wartime. It also evaluates the prospects for forming a corps of judges, taking into account the ongoing competitive selection and appointment procedures. A crucial aspect considered in the study is that any decision made by public authorities must be assessed in terms of its enforceability, short- and long-term consequences, and the financial resources required for implementation. With limited exceptions, any governmental decision entails amendments to budgetary allocations. The methods applied in the study include: the historical method (for analyzing the dissolution of military courts in Ukraine); systems analysis (for examining the judiciary and assessing the feasibility of establishing a separate branch of courts within its structure); legal analysis (for assessing draft normative acts, their impact on the judiciary, and the prospects for implementation); and general scientific methods.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE'S PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR MANAGEMENT

2025-09-08T10:51:29+03:00

The article explores the potential of public-private partnership (PPP) as an effective anti-corruption tool in the healthcare sector of Ukraine. Given the traditionally high level of corruption risks in this area – especially in procurement, infrastructure development, and public resource management – the study emphasizes the transformative role of PPP in promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity. The paper analyzes the legal framework, including the Law of Ukraine "On Public-Private Partnership" and related legislation, and highlights the importance of long-term contractual obligations, open competition, independent audits, and the use of digital monitoring tools. Particular attention is paid to existing institutional and legal barriers, such as insufficient regulatory detail, limited professional capacity among civil servants, and the lack of standardized procedures for risk assessment. The article also underlines the importance of public control, the role of national anti-corruption bodies, and the need for independent oversight mechanisms. The experience of EU countries is referenced as a model for reform. The authors conclude that PPP can serve as both a mechanism for attracting investment and a strategic instrument for corruption prevention – provided that it is supported by strong legal safeguards, political will, and inclusive governance. Recommendations are made for improving regulatory standards, digital infrastructure, and civic participation in PPP implementation.

INFRACTIONS PÉNALES CONTRE LA SÉCURITÉ BIOLOGIQUE DE L'UKRAINE

2025-09-08T10:51:27+03:00

L'article examine la question, nouvelle pour la doctrine pénale ukrainienne, de la protection pénale de la sécurité biologique de l'Ukraine. Il propose un concept d'auteur visant à regrouper les infractions qui portent atteinte à la sécurité biologique de l'Ukraine en un système unifié. Le contenu des notions de "sécurité biologique" et de "menaces d'origine biologique (biomenaces)" est défini. Il est proposé de classer les biomenaces en fonction de leur orienta- tion en menaces directes et indirectes. La définition des infractions pénales contre la sécurité biologique est formulée. Un critère unique – la menace d'origine biologique créée par l'acte illégal pour l'objet de la protection pénale – a été élaboré, sur la base duquel des infractions pénales spécifiques pouvant être considérées comme des atteintes à la sécurité biologique de l'Ukraine ont été identifiées dans la partie spéciale du Code pénal de l'Ukraine. Conformé- ment à l'orientation des biomenaces, les atteintes à la sécurité biologique de l'Ukraine sont regroupées en infractions pénales créant des biomenaces directes (art. 113, 130, 131, 133, 142, 247, 251, 325, 326, 439, 441 du Code pénal de l'Ukraine) et indirectes (art. 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 253, 261, partie 2 de l'art. 268, 440 du Code pénal de l'Ukraine). Il est conclu que le Code pénal de l'Ukraine n'assure pas pleinement la protection pénale des relations sociales dans le domaine de la garantie de la sécurité biologique de l'Ukraine. Des orientations spécifiques sont proposées pour la criminalisation des manipulations génétiques dangereuses qui créent des menaces biologiques.

PORT INNOVATIONS AND CUSTOMS SAFETY

2025-09-08T10:51:26+03:00

The article describes the main technological innovations used in Ukrainian seaports to ensure customs safety. The relevance of this topic stems from the general processes of globalization and reform within customs safety, as well as the challenging operating conditions of Ukrainian seaports during the war.The purpose of this article is to assess the current level of customs safety in seaports through the prism of the introduction of new technologies. The object of the study is to ensure customs security using innovative methods. To disclose the purpose of the work, general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) methods of theoretical knowledge are used. Using special methods, the essence of technologies is described such as: the introduction of the electronic platform "Single Window", the introduction of electronic customs declarations, the use of GPS tracking and RFID tags of electronic sensors; the creation of guidance centers; the use of container scanners, specialized X-rays and blockchain technology to control supply chains; video surveillance systems with artificial intelligence that integrate with other security systems, such as GPS tracking, RFID tags.Conclusions are formulated regarding the impact of technologies on the work of customs authorities in the seaports of Ukraine and ensuring safety standards, combating smuggling, and reducing the risks of corruption, and further research paths are outlined.

ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL CULTURE CLASSES DURING REMOTE LEARNING

2025-09-08T10:51:24+03:00

Motivation for physical activity is a special state of the individual, aimed at achieving the optimal level of physical fitness and working capacity. In the new circumstances, the main goal of the discipline "Physical Education" during distance learning in wartime is to form a healthy, harmoniously developed personality.The purpose of the study is to assess the structure of students' motivations for physical education classes during distance learning.Using a specially designed questionnaire in Google.forms, students' attitudes towards physical activity, movement preferences, and motives for engaging in physical education and sports were determined. The survey was conducted among 80 students aged 17–19 at a higher education institution in Sumy After the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine, students began to engage in physical education and sports less (66.25%). Only 33.75% of students indicate that they began to engage in physical education and sports more compared to 2022.The distribution of the structure of physical education and sports classes indicates that students prefer choreography (22.5%), sports games (21.25%), fitness (8.75%), athletics (8.75%), martial arts (7.5%), artistic gymnastics (2.5%) and other sports, including swimming, tennis, etc. (11.25%).The structure of students' motives: the leading ones are health promotion, positive emotions, and the opportunity to move; significant motives are the desire to increase strength abilities to express oneself, the development of will, games and entertainment during classes; potential motives are the opportunity to demonstrate leadership qualities, an assessment of the academic discipline, and the example of a teacher.

SHOULDER MECHANICS AND INJURY RISK IN AERIAL ACROBATICS: FROM LOAD PATTERNS TO RECOVERY PATHWAYS

2025-09-08T10:51:23+03:00

The shoulder joint is the most mobile, but also the most vulnerable link in the biomechanical chain of the upper extremity, which is especially evident in conditions of increased load when performing aerial acrobatics elements. The article presents a holistic anatomical and biomechanical review of the structures of the shoulder complex and characterizes the main mechanisms of injury that occur during dynamic and static elements with support on the upper extremities. The typical range of peak loads for different grip variants (true, cup, twisted) and their relationship with the shoulder position are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to preventive strategies, in particular, eccentric strengthening of the shoulder rotators, stabilization of the scapula, and training load management. The second part offers a step-by-step four-phase model of rehabilitation after functional overload, with clear criteria for transitioning between phases. The final section outlines the prospects for research on anatomical, hormonal, and gender moderators of injury, with an emphasis on the need for standardization of methodology for meta-analytic reviews. Objective. To form an integrated resource covering the anatomy of a shoulder, functional biomechanics during training by aerial acrobatics, to develop coaching tips, and to study the epidemiology of injuries. Research methods. Narrative synthesis (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science 2015 2025) in combination with the expert experience of the Chief International Judge of the IPSF.

SPIRITUAL SELF-REALISATION OF PSYCHOLOGISTS: STRONG PERSONALITY TRAITS AND DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES

2025-09-08T10:51:22+03:00

The article explores the phenomenon of spiritual self-realization among students pursuing a degree in psychology. Spiritual self-realization is viewed as an essential aspect of their personal and professional development. The study examines the features of the formation and development of spiritual self-realization and analyzes key personal characteristics that may contribute to this process, particularly character strengths.The article presents the results of an empirical study on the relationship between spiritual self-realization (transcendence) and the personal traits of psychology students.The methodological basis of the study included the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) by K. Peterson and M. Seligman, and the Dispositional Hope Scale by C. Snyder (ukrainian adaptation by H. Laptieva and O. Vlasova). Transcendence is interpreted as a manifestation of spiritual self-realization and includes such character strengths as appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, optimism, humor, and a sense of meaning in life.Among the majority of respondents, transcendence was formed at a medium or low level (61,3%) and at a high level in 38,7%. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant positive relationships between spiritual self-realization and several personal traits, particularly dispositional hope (r = 0,613), wisdom (r = 0,593), creativity (r = 0,475), leadership (r = 0,451), and Justice (r = 0,452), all at the level of significance (p < 0,01). Additionally, other significant correlations were identified, which are discussed in detail in the article and represent valuable empirical findings that offer prospects for further research into the phenomenon of spiritual self-realization among youth in the context of professional training.

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN STUDENTS' ADAPTATION UNDER LONG-TERM STRESS

2025-09-08T10:51:20+03:00

The article highlights the current problem of the influence of individual psychological factors on the process of adaptation of students in conditions of prolonged stress. Due to prolonged social and military upheavals, modern youth increasingly face psychological difficulties that complicate the process of learning, socialization and personal growth. Psychological factors such as anxiety, emotional stability, self-esteem, achievement motivation and the level of psychological resilience are studied. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of coping strategies used by students in overcoming stressful situations, as well as the features of the formation of adaptive and maladaptive models of behavior. The presented results of the empirical study demonstrate that a high level of awareness, internal support and flexibility contributes to effective adaptation. It is shown that psychological support in an educational institution plays an important role in strengthening the internal resources of the individual. The potential of preventive programs for the development of stress resistance is also outlined. The author emphasizes the need to integrate psychoeducational activities into the educational space. The materials of the article may be useful to specialists in the field of educational psychology, teachers and higher education administration. Based on the data obtained, recommendations are formulated for practical psychologists on the prevention of maladjustment and support for the psych emotional state of students in conditions of instability and chronic stress.

THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN SHAPING ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR

2025-09-08T10:51:18+03:00

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a multifaceted concept encompassing the ability to process emotional information for effective interaction and the formation of environmentally responsible behavior. This article summarizes theoretical approaches to the conceptualization of EI in the context of environmental responsibility through the analysis of three key models.The Ability Model by Mayer and Salovey defines EI as a set of cognitive skills involving the perception, utilization, understanding, and management of emotions, which facilitates well-grounded environmental decisions, such as assessing the impact of environmental degradation.The Mixed Model by Bar-On integrates emotional and social competencies, such as empathy and adaptability, which motivate sustainable lifestyles, including the reduction of resource consumption. Petrides’ Trait Model emphasizes subjective emotional self-perceptions, shaping emotional connectedness with nature and encouraging pro-environmental initiatives.Each model offers a unique perspective on EI, underscoring its role in shaping environmental awareness through cognitive, social, and subjective mechanisms. The practical application of these models involves the development of educational programs aimed at fostering EI to support ecological practices such as waste recycling and the advocacy of green policies. For instance, Bar-On’s model contributes to the formation of sustainability-oriented communities through collective action, while the Trait Model enhances individual motivation for eco-activism. These approaches establish a foundation for integrating EI into policymaking that promotes sustainable development. Further research should aim to integrate these models to strengthen their influence on sustainable practices across diverse cultural and social contexts.

FEATURES AND FACTORS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF MOTHERS RAISING CHILDREN WITH ORGANIC NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS

2025-09-08T10:51:17+03:00

Introduction. Given the significant number of children with special needs in Ukraine and worldwide, there is an acute need for a detailed study of the peculiarities of their families, especially mothers, who are the main caregivers. The life of a mother of a child with an organic nervous system lesion often requires full concentration on the child's needs, which leads to the abandonment of professional self-realization and a change of the usual way of life to round- the-clock care. This is accompanied by a high level of stress, a decrease in life satisfaction, and emotional burnout, which negatively affects her SWB.Methods. Brief Multidimensional Wellbeing Questionnaire “PERMA-Profiler” (Savchenko, O. & Lavrynenko, D., 2023); Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (List of valid... assistance, 2023); Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (List of valid... assistance, 2023); Connor-David- son Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) (Shkolina, N. V., 2020).; Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) (Zubrovsky, D., 2018); Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) (adapted by T. Kryukova) (Karamushka, L. M., Kredentcer, O. V., & Tereshchenko, K. V., 2022); The Shwartz Value Survey (SVS) (adaptation by I. Semkiw) (Nahrniak, K. M., 2017) and questionnaire.Sample. The empirical study sample includes 93 mothers who raise children with organic nervous system lesions.Results. Three types of mothers were identified, depending on the level of their SWB and psychological characteristics: Type 1 – high level of SWB with personal growth; Type 2 – moderately-low level of SWB with preserved productivity and with pronounced anxiety and depressive symptoms; Type 3 – low level of SWB without personal growth. The factors of SWB were determined for mothers in the cluster with a high level of SWB, and for mothers from the clusters with low and moderately-low levels of SWB.