Scientific Journal of Polonia University

FEATURES OF ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSES IN GERMAN

2025-03-20T15:54:23+02:00

The article analyzes the sources of linguistics and the opinions of linguists in connection with the attributive clause in linguistics. Here, at the same time, information is given about those conjunctions that are used in the construction of attributive clauses in German. In particular, it is noted that “the attributive clause, due to its ability to provide extensive information, is compared to other subordinate clauses in terms of its content”. Additionally, the article examines various approaches by linguists to the classification of attributive clauses based on their syntactic structure and semantic content. Attention is also focused on the differences in the use of determinative pronouns in different historical periods, which confirms the dynamism of the language. An important aspect of the study is the analysis of stylistic preferences of linguists in the choice of conjunctions and pronouns, which affects the quality of expression and the accuracy of information in sentences. In addition, the role of context in the interpretation of attributive clauses and their importance for creating a coherent text is discussed. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that further study of attributive clauses may lead to a deeper understanding of their function in language. Thus, the article makes a significant contribution to the study of syntax and semantics in the German language, opening new perspectives for future research.

ODESA WOMEN’S MAGAZINE “ROBITNYTSIA I DOMASHNIA HOSPODYNYA” AS A FASHION GUIDE IN 1926–1927

2025-03-20T15:54:20+02:00

The article analyzes the content of Robitnytsia i Domashnia Hospodynya (Female Worker and Housewife), a free supplement to the newspaper Visti, published in Odesa in 1926–1927. The magazine stood out for its feminist orientation and significant focus on fashion, which was atypical for the Soviet press. Among eight issues, 23 publications dedicated to fashion, clothing design, and sewing were documented. The magazine featured diverse genres, including advisory articles, instructions, satirical essays, and advertisements. Special attention was given to European fashion trends, the adaptation of French and British ideas to Soviet life, and the promotion of embroidery as an element of modern attire. The magazine’s content demonstrates a subtle opposition to communist ideology that likely triggered its closure. The article emphasizes the cultural significance of the publication, the role of editor Izrail Khait in popularizing European trends in Ukrainian fashion, and the magazine’s importance in the context of Ukrainization and the development of national fashion. Issues of aesthetics and self-expression through fashion became central to the debate between Soviet ideology and women’s desire for individuality, making the magazine a significant cultural phenomenon in Ukrainian fashion journalism.

DIGITAL SECURITY SKILLS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHERS: GENERALIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

2025-03-20T15:54:18+02:00

The ubiquitous use of IT exposes society and its institutions (government, commercial, educational, etc.) to various cyber threats, ranging from malware and phishing to sophisticated attacks targeting sensitive data and infrastructure. The growing reliance on digital tools requires increased awareness and skills in digital security. The escalation of cyber threats highlights the urgent need to find robust approaches to digital security education, starting with the proactive training of computer science teachers. In the article, we substantiate the problem of preparing future computer science teachers to form students' digital security skills and the need for a proactive approach to building educational programs for training computer science teachers, which should pay special attention to the development of critical thinking of young people and skills in solving problems related to digital security. This will enable future teachers to respond to and adapt to new threats. It is emphasized that educational programs should include an educational component that provides practical exercises and simulations to gain practical experience with safety tools and methods. It is substantiated that integrating digital security courses into educational programs for training computer science teachers should go beyond isolated modules or optional courses and become a normative component of the educational program.

ENGLISH CONNOTATIVE SETS AND SEMANTIC CHANGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI CONTEXTS

2025-03-20T15:54:15+02:00

This article makes an attempt to analyze some linguistic demarcation lines between the denotative and connotative meanings of the phrases within the given context and tries to enlighten some causes of these connotative uses of phrases embodied in the content causing semantic change. It also tries to find out the reasons of usage of extra-linguistic factors pulling speakers to use connotative phrases. It was identified that among the speakers’ preferred choices the factors – “to be closer to context”, to seem more logical” and “to seem more convincing” occupy the leading positions when communicators instead of their denotative meanings tend to use the alternatively transferred meanings. Consequently, similar situations affect changing the semantic extensions of words belonging to a given lexical stock of each nationality. Apart from this, the author deems the age category of speakers also be influential reason among the choices to be peculiar to use connotations instead of the initial lexical meaning of the words. It is because our experimental analyses showed that the frequency of connotation usage is situationally age and memory driven which were confirmed in the responses of people between 25 and ≥81.

CONCEPT OF ECOLOGICAL LITERACY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE U. S. HIGHER EDUCATION

2025-03-20T15:54:12+02:00

The article highlights the characteristics of the ecological literacy and the strategies for its formation in the context of the U. S. higher education institutions. It focuses on studying the essence of the concepts “literacy” and “ecological literacy”. The author also analyzes the role of universities in the United States in integrating the principles of environmental education into their educational process. The research design is descriptive and analytical, based on a deductive-narrative approach and a set of complementary theoretical methods, which are as follows: critical analysis and generalization of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical sources on the problem under study; monographic method – for interpreting the results obtained in a coherent logical perspective. It is noted that the formation of students’ ecological literacy is a priority area of the U. S. higher educational institutions today, involving: knowledge (mastery of basic scientific concepts about nature, environmental problems);awareness (formation of a conscious position on the environment); attitude (understanding of nature as a unique value and source of human life); skills (ability to practically master the environment and protect it); activity (participation in environmental protection activities); skills (participation in solving environmental problems); ecological thinking style and responsible attitude towards nature.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS LEXICAL CONTENT (CASE OF STUDY TEXTBOOKS “UPSTREAM” SERIES)

2025-03-20T15:54:08+02:00

Considering the significant role of textbooks as core information storage in the process of language acquisition, this study is focused on the comparative analysis of vocabulary content at levels B2 Intermediate, B2+ UpperIntermediate and C1 Advanced in “Upstream” series of English textbooks. The main purpose of this research is to analyze changes in the qualitative composition of the vocabulary for the topic “Travelling” from B2 Intermediate to C1 Advanced. Specifically, we aim to draw a parallel between the lexical content of the same topic at different levels of the “Upstream” textbook series in terms of morphology, semantics and structure of lexical units. Each level of English proficiency assumes certain qualitative and quantitative stock of words to be implemented by students. We examine such vocabulary components as idioms, fixed phrases, phrasal verbs, and thematic collocations at each level. Comparative analyses of idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs display the absence of synonymy and at first glance low compliance with the subject, but it should be considered that context plays a big role. Topic “Travelling” is fully expressed in lots of words, terms, collocations which are presented to increase the students’ vocabulary. During the study we conclude that B2 consists of the main basic lexical units, the study of which cover the level requirements. Thematic content makes the B2+ level an extended version of the B2 and is intended to strengthen vocabulary skills. Advanced level is distinguished by the great attention to detail and nuances in terms of expressing thoughts fluently.

VOLODYMYR IVASIUK AND THE ENSEMBLE “CHERVONA RUTA”: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FOUNDATIONS OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF POP MUSIC DEVELOPMENT

2025-03-20T15:54:05+02:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the creative legacy of Volodymyr Ivasiuk and the activities of the ensemble Chervona Ruta as pivotal phenomena in the socio-cultural and musical history of Ukraine in the second half of the 20th century. The study highlights the formation of the ensemble, its landmark performances, and its contribution to the development of Ukrainian pop music. Particular attention is given to the emergence of a new musical style that fused elements of traditional folklore with contemporary pop trends, thereby promoting Ukrainian culture on both national and international levels. A significant focus is placed on the symbolism and ideological dimensions of the songs composed by Ivasiuk and performed by Chervona Ruta. Through an analysis of lyrics and musical structures, the study demonstrates the deep connection of their work to national traditions, which served as a means of preserving Ukrainian identity under the harsh conditions of Soviet censorship. Ivasiuk’s compositions, such as Chervona Ruta and Vodohrai, are examined not only as cultural artifacts but also as instruments of ideological resistance, fostering social cohesion around national values. The article also addresses the contemporary reevaluation of Ivasiuk’s and Chervona Ruta’s legacy in the context of independent Ukraine. Their contribution to the foundations of Ukrainian national identity remains highly relevant amidst the challenges of globalization and cultural transformations. This body of work represents a vital element of Ukrainian musical history and a key aspect of the ongoing process of national self-awareness, underscoring its significance in the contemporary socio-cultural paradigm.

DIFFERENT GERMAN EXPRESSION MODELS OF THE OBJECT IN SPEECH

2025-03-20T15:54:02+02:00

In this article, we have analyzed the different expression models of the object in the German language. The main theoretical issues of sentence constituents have remained a subject of discussion until now. One such issue is the determination of the object of the sentence and the means used to express it. We are already aware of the differences in grammatical categories in languages with different systems. In different grammatical sources, we witness various approaches to the grammatical subject. Sometimes, under this term, the subject is presented as the doer of the action or the one performing the attribute. Sometimes, under this term, the subject is presented as the doer of the action or the one performing the attribute. According to many linguists, the subject, called the nominative, indicates the active participant in the event. A more refined analytical method was needed for the identification of sentence constituents, as well as for the analysis of the syntactic semantics of words, their interrelations, and the meaning of the sentence. In this process, the theory of verb valency plays a foundational role, and determining the different meanings of valencies is one of the challenging issues in linguistics. This analysis is a classification of the lexical meaning of nouns and verbs.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES OF THE DECOLONIZATION DISCOURSE: SOCIAL COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN WARTIME CONDITIONS

2025-03-20T15:53:59+02:00

The article explores the role of decolonization discourse in the context of the modern globalized world, with particular emphasis on the influence of information technologies in its formation and maintenance. Key aspects of decolonization movements are examined, including global trends, regional specificities, and the concept of discourse as a socio-communicative practice. Decolonization discourse is presented as a tool for reclaiming cultural identity, reinterpreting historical narratives, and establishing new sociocultural values. Special attention is given to the role of information platforms in advancing decolonization ideas. Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and TikTok are highlighted as important spaces for promoting local cultures and discussing socio-political issues of global significance. The use of digital tools in social movements and during military conflicts demonstrates their effectiveness in mobilizing communities, coordinating actions, and advocating for the rights of marginalized groups. Critical aspects are digital security, which protects activists from surveillance, and combating disinformation, which is often employed as a tool for manipulation. In the context of military conditions, the study investigates socio-communicative challenges, including the representation of culture and politics in the informational space. It analyzes the role of narratives in maintaining societal morale, organizing resistance, and creating counter-narratives to oppose the aggressor’s propaganda. The article highlights the prospects of socio-communicative technologies in decolonization discourse, including their potential for fostering new forms of educational and cultural exchange. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of the ethical use of information technologies in decolonization processes. Their potential in the struggle for global justice and the preservation of cultural diversity is critical to shaping an inclusive society. This study contributes to understanding the new roles of information technologies in contemporary sociocultural transformations. It also underscores the urgent need for a more inclusive approach to technological development that prioritizes the needs and voices of the marginalized communities.

DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

2025-03-20T15:54:14+02:00

In the context of the intensification of the educational process and the growing information load on students, the issue of preserving and strengthening their health, increasing their level of physical fitness and forming a sustainable motivation to engage in physical education is of particular importance. Implementation of a differentiated approach to physical education of students with different levels of physical fitness is an urgent task, the solution of which will help to increase the effectiveness of physical education in higher education institutions and improve the health of student youth. The article deals with theoretical aspects of a differentiated approach to physical education of students with different levels of physical fitness. The current state of the problem of physical education of student youth is analyzed and the necessity of introducing a differentiated approach as an effective means of individualizing the educational process is substantiated. The essence and principles of a differentiated approach are revealed, the main criteria for differentiating students by their level of physical fitness are determined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the peculiarities of physical education of student youth in modern conditions, the specifics of load dosage for different groups of students and the peculiarities of their motivation to engage in physical education. It has been established that the effectiveness of a differentiated approach is ensured by a comprehensive consideration of morphological and functional characteristics, level of physical fitness and motivational characteristics of students. The necessity of differentiating not only the quantitative parameters of the load, but also the qualitative characteristics of physical exercises is substantiated. The theoretical significance of the study is to systematize and generalize the scientific provisions on the implementation of a differentiated approach to physical education of students. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of using theoretical provisions for the development of methodological recommendations for the implementation of a differentiated approach to the practice of physical education in higher education institutions.

LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF GENDER AND AGE FEATURES OF THE CONCEPT “BEAUTY” IN ENGLISH COSMETICS ADVERTISING TEXTS

2025-03-20T15:54:11+02:00

This article concerns the representation of the concept of beauty in English-language adverts throw the English-language cosmetic adverts. The article contains the results of the research of theoretic and practical materials. On the basis of the research the author shows that the study of the linguistic aspects of advertising is attractive from the point of science, because advertisement is an integral part of modern life. Language means play a crucial role in the shaping stereotypes within cultural groups. The present study addresses the issues of gender neutralization in English-language advertising and newspaper texts. The paper investigates linguistic means involved in the creation of gender- neutral advertising texts. As a result of the study, we conclude that the main features of gender-neutral advertising texts are the absence of lexical units that would refer advertising to male or female; the use of scientific terms, numbers in the description of the goods; the use of imperative sentences. Gender neutralization in advertising occurs due to the use of impersonal sentences, defining pronouns and euphemisms. Gender neutralization is a relatively new trend in advertising and has a huge impact on the use of language in modern advertising texts. Linguistic selection in advertising, especially the focus on gendered language, is the main concern in this study. The main concentration in the research is the investigation into the use of specific verbal items in commercials to confirm the idea that there are differences among adverts of similar products for either male or female consumers. The result of this paper can partly contribute to industrial areas as well as other academic fields such as sociolinguistics.

HENRY FIELDING AS THE PRECURSOR OF ENGLISH NOVEL: A CRITICAL EVALUATION

2025-03-20T15:54:09+02:00

The main aim behind the present paper is to throw ample light on Henry Fielding’s contribution in the realm of English fiction. Henry Fielding is generally regarded as ‘the father of English novel’. Although the novel started with Daniel Defoe, who wrote realistic fiction in first person narrative, it was Henry Fielding who gave a regular and proper shape to the novel in the eighteenth century. Like Daniel Defoe, Fielding also practiced realistic novels with a deep interest in the portraiture of contemporary life. In his works, Joseph Andrews, Tom Jones, Jonathan Wild, and Amelia, he has dealt with the evils of contemporary society. In other words, he also acts as a social reformer who wants to purge evils from society. After going through his works, one gets a very wide and extensive picture of English social life. He has rightly been called the precursor of the English novel in the real sense of words.

DIGITAL TOOLS FOR SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN WITH GENERAL SPEECH UNDERDEVELOPMENT

2025-03-20T15:54:06+02:00

This article examines the application and impact of digital technologies on the social integration of children with general speech underdevelopment. The authors have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current state of digital tools implementation in correctional work and identified the main challenges of this process. The research provides a structured classification of digital tools, which includes various systems: from communicative support to advanced solutions using artificial intelligence and virtual reality. The article highlights practical experience in implementing specialized software both in the Ukrainian context and international practice, focusing on the interaction between speech therapists and parents. The authors examine in detail the effectiveness of various digital tools regarding their impact on the development of communication skills and social adaptation of children. The study emphasizes the necessity of an individualized approach in implementing digital technologies, stressing the importance of combining traditional correctional methods with innovative digital solutions. The presented results demonstrate the significant potential of digital technologies in creating an effective inclusive educational environment and overcoming communication barriers. Prospective directions for future research are outlined, particularly studying the long-term impact of digital technologies on the socialization of children with special educational needs.

NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL: AI IMPLEMENTATION IN EDUCATION

2025-03-20T15:54:04+02:00

The New Ukrainian School reform aims to modernize education. This article explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance this initiative. It discusses ways to integrate artificial intelligence into the Ukrainian education system to modernize learning and teaching processes. It highlights key reforms of the Ukrainian New School and presents initiatives such as personalized learning tools, automated assessment systems to improve student performance and optimize teachers' workload. The article also highlights the role of technology and discusses the issues of gradation of AI use in the classroom. Successful AI implementation requires careful planning, collaboration, and a focus on student needs. The article emphasizes the importance of embracing AI responsibly to create a more equitable and effective education system for all Ukrainian students. The authors present the features of the current state of Ukrainian education and the ways of its development. This approach reflects Ukraine's commitment to creating a progressive, inclusive and technology-oriented educational environment.

CULTURAL REFLECTIONS ON UNDERSTANDING THE CREATIVE SPACE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF THE ECONOMY OF IMPRESSIONS OF SOCIETY

2025-03-20T15:54:00+02:00

The aim of this paper is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the culturological reflection on the understanding of the cultural and creative space of Ukraine in the context of the global challenges of the impression economy and the cultural transformation of society. The study reveals theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the essence of the cultural and creative space of Ukraine. In the context of culturological reflections, the Ukrainian practice of forming and developing the cultural and creative space of creative industries is analyzed. Dynamic transformational changes in cultural diversity are substantiated through the prism of the development of the cultural and creative space. The main characteristics, principles, structural and functional features of the organization and activity of cultural and creative spaces are highlighted. It is emphasized that there is an active search for new forms of cultural practices during the evolution of culture. Various approaches to the creation, functioning and development of cultural and creative spaces as a driver of development, classification and typology of spaces, features of implementation, stages, interaction and main components in diverse spheres of activity are revealed. It has been proven that multi-vector and multi-sectoral types of cultural and creative activity play an important role in shaping national identity and creating a positive image of creative Ukraine in the world. It is argued that the cultural and creative space has become a logical manifestation of innovations and the development of creative industries in Ukraine. It is proven that the activation of cultural initiatives and projects contributes to the formation of new socio-cultural manifestations of the economy of impressions based on human centrism in the activities of cultural and creative spaces. The relevance of expanding the spectrum of cultural research regarding formation of creative industry spaces, their conceptual foundations of development and generalization of theoretical and methodological principles is emphasized. The theoretical basis used in the article is based on a cultural approach.

THE ART OF PETRO PECHORNYI: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON UKRAINIAN CERAMICS

2025-03-20T15:53:58+02:00

The article is dedicated to the study of the creative work of Petro Pechornyi, one of the prominent figures in Ukrainian ceramic art of the 20th century. The author analyzes the historical context of the development of Ukrainian ceramics, particularly focusing on traditional forms and folk patterns, as well as the transformation of these traditions in the light of modernist explorations. Special attention is given to the characteristics of Pechornyi's artistic practice that combined innovative approaches to techniques and forms with a profound rethinking of national traditions. The key innovations introduced by the artist are examined, particularly in terms of composition, symbolism, and technical execution that allowed him to create a new artistic discourse in ceramics. The article also examines Petro Pechornyi's pedagogical activity, his contribution to the training of new generations of ceramic artists, as well as his teaching methodology that is based on combining practical skills with a deep theoretical understanding of traditional art. The role of Pechornyi as a mentor is emphasized, highlighting his influence on the development of his students' creative potential and his contribution to the promotion of Ukrainian ceramics in the contemporary artistic world. The article also assesses the impact of Pechornyi's creative work on the development of contemporary Ukrainian ceramics, as well as its place in the global artistic context, emphasizing the uniqueness of his approach. The aesthetic and cultural features of the artist's work are identified that contribute to its significance and relevance in the art of the 20th and 21st centuries.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION AS AN IMPROVEMENT FACTOR OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING OF QUALIFIED VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

2025-03-20T15:53:55+02:00

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of psychological preparation on the specialized training process of qualified volleyball players. The study used a comprehensive approach, which included a thorough analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature - the study of scientific papers, articles and other sources of information on the problem under study, as well as analytical work with information sources - synthesis and systematization of the knowledge gained, a clear formulation of key concepts and aspects of the topic. The author notes that the psychological training of athletes includes the formation of the ability to control their psychological state, effectively respond to stress factors and maintain emotional stability, which is crucial for the success of training and competition. It is substantiated that the development of an effective system of psychological training of volleyball players is critical to ensure their resistance to psychological challenges that arise during the game. In order to optimize the psychological climate in a sports team and increase the effectiveness of psychological training of qualified volleyball players, a set of psychological and pedagogical measures has been developed, including psychological education, methods of indirect influence, training in self-regulation methods, relaxation and recovery techniques, formation of pre-competitive rituals, psychological counseling and psychotherapy (if necessary), trainings, individual approach, interaction between a coach and a psychologist. The results obtained may be useful for coaches, sports psychologists, volleyball players and other interested parties.

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN BLENDED LEARNING: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES FOR UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2025-03-20T15:53:48+02:00

In the article, the author analyzes the definitions of “blended learning” and the role of digital technologies in its implementation. The author analyzes the experience of using blended learning in countries such as Canada, the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, which demonstrate the effective implementation of digital platforms and technologies to improve the quality of the educational process. In particular, it focuses on the use of learning management systems (Moodle, MS Teams, Google Classroom), recording and distribution of video lectures, interactive simulations and forums to maintain communication between teachers and students. The study identifies key aspects that Ukrainian higher education institutions can adapt from international experience: a flexible combination of synchronous and asynchronous activities, providing technical support for teachers, creating centers of pedagogical excellence, as well as state support for the digitalization of education. The main challenges, such as the lack of a unified digitalization strategy, the need to develop infrastructure and prepare teachers for the effective use of digital technologies and innovations, are outlined. It has been determined that the application of innovative approaches to blended learning in Ukraine will improve the quality of educational services, ensure the flexibility of the educational process and promote the integration of national education into the world educational space.

ANALYSIS OF MODELING AND DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES OF SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONALS

2025-03-20T15:53:45+02:00

The work presented for discussion by the pedagogical community discusses the technological algorithm of modelling and design procedures, as well as their identical or different characteristics, organizational features and resulting capabilities. Practically performing a single research function in terms of predictive analysis of the behavioural trajectory of a given system functional, the modelling and design processes have somewhat different end products: a model and a project. Thus, it is reasonable to recognize that while the model provides an opportunity to study a real system functional on the basis of its simplified model copy, the project provides for the compilation of an existing algorithmized technology for studying a real system functional with sequential execution of a set of tasks. Considering the specific features of the application of modelling and design procedures in the education system, it makes sense to note that since this construct is classified as complex and multi-vector system organizations, the actual and full implementation of procedural modelling or design tasks in the field of educational activity looks like a difficult task, which will require a thorough study of the characteristic attributes and properties of an analogous object, the dynamics of its structural transformations and the influence on its activities of certain factors of endogenous or exogenous origin, the relationship and mutual influence of components and individual elements, the synergistic effect in the course of identifying the target capacity of such an object.

FORMATION OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD OF MEDIA HYPE IN ELECTRONIC EDITIONS

2025-03-20T15:53:43+02:00

The article is concerned about the mechanisms of impact of the linguistic and stylistic means of suggestion on the information perception by the audience of electronic editions and public opinion shaping. For this purpose, the content of newspaper articles, describing the tragedy of Genoa Bridge collapse in Italy, was analysed. The peculiarities of formation and structure of the lexical-semantic field of the media hype are determined. It was also stated that the field of the analysed sensational materials consists of four layers or levels: Collapse, Fallout, Sympathy, and Blame. The emotional background of such a field can redirect the perception of information in a certain way to shape public opinion. It is possible due to linguistic and stylistic means of suggestion. Within such suggestive methods and techniques as provocation, persuasion and fascination they are frequently used in the process of creating news content to inject additional meanings into the messages.

WAR TRAUMA AND PERSONAL NARRATIVE IN “19 WOMEN: TALES OF RESILIENCE FROM SYRIA”

2025-03-20T15:53:40+02:00

This article examines the representation of war trauma and personal narrative in Samar Yazbek’s 19 Women: Tales of Resilience from Syria, analyzing how the author combines documentary evidence with literary techniques to convey the experiences of Syrian women during the ongoing conflict. The study employs literary analysis through trauma theory and psychoanalytic approaches to investigate the narrative structure and psychological depth of women’s testimonies. The research reveals how Yazbek effectively balances authenticity and artistic expression by preserving individual voices while creating a cohesive narrative that contributes to collective memory formation. The analysis demonstrates that the author’s use of fragmentary narrative techniques, internal monologues, and powerful imagery reflects the psychological impact of war trauma on the protagonists. The study focuses on how the combination of autobiographical and documentary elements enhances the emotional resonance of the testimonies while maintaining their historical value. The research highlights the significance of women’s war narratives in understanding the broader social and psychological consequences of military conflicts, drawing parallels with contemporary events such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The article argues that Yazbek’s work serves as both a literary achievement and a crucial historical document, preserving individual experiences that might otherwise be marginalized in official historical accounts. The findings emphasize the importance of personal narratives in trauma literature and their role in shaping the collective memory of war experiences when literary texts serve as tools for resilience and historical documentation.

INTEGRATION OF HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2025-03-20T15:53:37+02:00

In today's conditions, the system of physical education in higher education institutions needs to be modernized in accordance with modern requirements and challenges. The article investigates the theoretical foundations of integrating health-saving technologies into the system of physical education in higher education institutions in accordance with modern challenges and needs of preserving the health of student youth. Based on a systematic analysis of scientific literature, the essence of health-saving technologies as a complex pedagogical process aimed at preserving and strengthening students' health is revealed. The main mechanisms for the implementation of health-saving technologies, which include five key vectors: professional orientation, theoretical and methodological training, practical competencies, emotional intelligence, and a system for monitoring and evaluating effectiveness, are identified and presented in the form of a structural diagram. Each of these areas is detailed through specific components that ensure the consistency and integrity of the implementation process. The peculiarities of creating a health-saving educational environment based on the principles of maintaining and promoting health are substantiated. The theoretical significance of the study is to expand scientific understanding of the mechanisms of integration of health-saving technologies, clarify the conceptual apparatus of the problem and substantiate the organizational and pedagogical conditions for their effective implementation. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the developed theoretical provisions to improve the system of physical education in higher education institutions.

INDIVIDUALISM OF THE ARTIST AND FREEDOM OF CREATIVITY IN THE THEORETICAL CONCEPT BY MYKOLA YEVSHAN

2025-03-20T15:53:34+02:00

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical heritage of Mykola Yevshan, one of the leading literary critics of the aesthetic and psychological trend in Ukraine of the early 20th century. He was a prominent representative of Ukrainian modernism and Nietzscheanism and a psychologically oriented analyst of art and artistic creativity. His critical studies are devoted to the study of the artist’s creative personality, the study of art and the process of creativity. He defended the author’s right to create freely and considered his personal freedom a necessary condition for creativity. Mykola Yevshan was concerned with the problems of interaction between the artist and society, national peculiarities of creation and development of culture. He professed the idea of a «higher human» who is born in the process of creativity. His views are marked by the desire for secularism, modernity, and Europeanness. In the context of Ukraine’s contemporary historical and cultural development, the article analyses many Mykola Yevshan’s theoretical works that laid the foundations of avant-garde in Ukrainian theoretical science and literary criticism.

MAX SCHELER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF EXPERIENCE OF VALUES AND THE FUNCTIONING OF WORLDVIEW

2025-03-20T15:53:30+02:00

The concept of the phenomenology of the experience of values in the views of Max Scheler in its connection with the functioning of the worldview is investigated in the article. It is established that values are based on the phenomenology of the experience of values. On the basis of the phenomenological axiology of Max Scheler, it is shown that the phenomenology of the experience of values is a reliable criterion for structuring and constituting values in the worldview. The phenomenology of the experience of values is also the foundation of the involvement of objects in the system of worldview values and is the basis of structuring of values into spiritual and material types. A negative or positive attitude toward some object, granting it the status of value, or its denial happens through the phenomenology of the experience of values within a worldview. It is emphasized that the realization of objective values in the real world is possible through Apriori emotional intentions, which are phenomenological acts.

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND GLOBAL AGREEMENTS CONCERNING TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES

2025-03-20T15:53:28+02:00

The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal mechanisms and international agreements regulating the issue of temporarily occupied territories in the context of modern international conflicts and the full-scale russian-Ukrainian war. The relevance of the study is due to the growing number of territorial disputes that violate the principles of international law, in particular, sovereignty, territorial integrity and human rights. National legal acts of Ukraine determining the status of temporarily occupied territories, as well as international documents, such as the Geneva Conventions, the Rome Statute and UN resolutions, are considered in the work. The role of international judicial bodies, in particular the European Court of Human Rights, in protecting the rights of injured citizens is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of sanctions and their impact on Russia as an aggressor state. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive approach to the study of the issue, in particular, in proposals for improving law enforcement practice. The results of the work are aimed at improving the effectiveness of international and national legal mechanisms, promoting the de-occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk regions, and protecting the rights of the population in the occupied territories. Also, the article is part of the research topic «Consequences of the occupation policy in the activities of information institutions in the temporarily occupied territories».

EXEMPTION FROM LIABILITY AND PROHIBITION OF GENERAL MONITORING OBLIGATIONS AS GUARANTEES FOR INTERNET INTERMEDIARIES’ PARTICIPATION IN CIVIL RELATIONS

2025-03-20T15:53:25+02:00

This article examines the legal regulation of internet intermediaries’ participation in civil relations, focusing on the regimes of exemption from liability and the prohibition on general monitoring obligations. The study analyzes the historical preconditions and reasons for introducing these legal mechanisms and assesses their impact on the development of the digital economy and user rights protection. Particular attention is paid to key aspects of European Union legislation, including the E-Commerce Directive and the Digital Services Act, which establish the fundamental principles of intermediary liability. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which clarifies the limits of monitoring obligations and ensures a balance between freedom of expression, intellectual property rights, and business interests. The article highlights the specific features of Ukrainian legislation, including provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Electronic Commerce" and the updated Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights." The study substantiates that exemption from liability is a critical element of intermediaries’ functioning. Together with the prohibition of general monitoring, these two mechanisms constitute essential legal guarantees enabling intermediaries’ participation in civil relations. The author stresses the importance of further harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with European standards to ensure intermediaries’ effective participation in legal relations. The findings can be utilized to improve the legal regulation of internet intermediaries and to develop new approaches for governing the digital environment in Ukraine.

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF FORMING A PROFILE OF A TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY AS A TOOL OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2025-03-20T15:53:22+02:00

The article examines the problematic aspects of forming a profile of a territorial community as a tool of local economic development. The community profile is considered as a complex information and analytical tool that provides systematization of data on the socioeconomic state of the territory, its natural, infrastructural and human resources. It is proven that the development of a profile is an important stage of strategic planning that contributes to the adoption of effective management decisions and the implementation of investment projects. The legal framework regulating the process of forming a community profile was analyzed and its insufficient detail was revealed, which complicates the practical implementation of this process. Key problems were identified, in particular, the lack of a unified methodology for creating a profile, a low level of data digitalization, limited access to relevant information, and insufficient competence of local authorities in the field of data analysis. Particular attention was paid to the lack of integrated approaches to forming a profile, which include the participation of the public and business. A number of recommendations were proposed to improve the process of forming a profile of territorial communities. In particular, the need to develop a unified methodology, implement modern information and communication technologies, create open-access databases, and train personnel was emphasized. The importance of integrating the community profile into the strategic planning system in order to increase the effectiveness of local economic development was emphasized. The results of the study may be useful for local governments, experts in the field of regional development, and scientists involved in strategic planning and socio-economic analysis.

PRACTICES OF RISKY CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE DYNAMICS OF LIFESTYLE STYLIZATION DURING WARTIME: RESEARCH OUTLINE

2025-03-20T15:53:19+02:00

In the context of a prolonged military conflict, consumer practices in frontline cities of Ukraine, such as Kharkiv, undergo significant transformations, becoming important indicators of social change. This article presents the exploratory stage of research aimed at studying "risky" consumption as a means of stylizing life under conditions of heightened threat and instability. We focus on such functions of consumption as anxiety management, maintaining collective and individual identity, and reconstructing everyday life through symbolic, including adaptive, mechanisms. Based on expert interviews, the main practices of "risky" consumption are systematized, including symbolic presentation, social adaptation, innovative approaches, and resilience-building. The theoretical framework of the article encompasses the sociology of risks and the sociology of consumption, including concepts by P. Bourdieu, A. Giddens, Z. Bauman, and E. Shove's theory of practices. We propose the formation of a compensatory consumption model, which manifests itself in the desire to reproduce pre-risk everyday life and symbolically (re)construct a deformed reality. Ultimately, we hypothesize the compensatory and hyper-adaptive nature of these practices and propose a methodological framework for their further study, including observations, in-depth interviews, and "walking" methods adapted to analyze urban and commercial spaces. This article lays the foundation for a multi-stage study aimed at identifying and analyzing changes in the stylization of life in urban communities under high-risk conditions, as well as their impact on the dynamics of social transformations.

COUNTERING CYBER THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

2025-03-20T15:53:16+02:00

The article is dedicated to analyzing the implementation of distance learning in higher education institutions in Ukraine, as well as the challenges and prospects associated with this process. It discusses the main distance learning platforms used in Ukrainian higher education institutions such as Moodle, Google Classroom, Microsoft Teams, Coursera, EdX, Prometheus, and the National Distance Learning Platform. Each of these platforms has its own features and advantages, ensuring accessibility and flexibility in education for students and educators. In addition to the advantages of distance learning, the article also focuses on cybersecurity issues, which are becoming increasingly relevant with the growth of online education. The main cybersecurity threats are analyzed, including software vulnerabilities, personal data protection, network security, and the low level of user awareness. Approaches to managing innovations for protection against cybercrime and stimulating investments in cybersecurity are discussed, highlighting their effects on educational institutions, the country, and society. The article highlights ways to enhance cybersecurity in HEIs, including implementing modern security technologies, developing strict data access policies, and increasing cyber literacy among students and faculty. The legislative framework of Ukraine regulating data and information protection is also discussed, with particular attention to the laws «On Personal Data Protection» and «On Information Protection in Information and Telecommunication Systems,» as well as recent changes in copyright legislation emphasizing the protection of intellectual property in the digital environment. The article concludes that distance learning in Ukraine has great potential but requires improvements in cybersecurity and updates to legislation for the digital age. The implementation of cybersecurity measures and the modernization of the regulatory framework will help create a safe and effective learning environment.

ACCELERATING THE LEARNING WITHIN THE UKRAINIAN ARMED FORCES (2014–2024): ADAPTING IN WAR

2025-03-20T15:54:26+02:00

The article provides a military-historical analysis of the evolution of organisational learning within the Ukrainian Armed Forces throughout the Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present). It investigates the key changes in lessons learning and strategies applied to accelerate its cycle across three phases: Adjustment (2014–2018), Modernization (2019–2022), and Transformation (2022–present). The research utilized a combination of general scientific approaches and the historical-systematic method. To measure the efficiency and pace of the lessons learned process its mean duration was used focusing on analysing, deciding, and sharing phases while excluding highly variable implementation timelines. The findings indicate a significant improvement in the learning capability within the Ukrainian Armed Forces, demonstrated by a consistent reduction in the average duration of the learning cycle from nearly three months to approximately one month. Despite these advances, challenges persist, including the absence of a centralized Lessons Learned Portal, inconsistencies in analysis, and limited awareness of organisational learning among military personnel. Future research should aim to optimize further the lessons learned process to enhance the adaptability of the Ukrainian Armed Forces to counter ongoing Russian aggression.

PARLIAMENTARISM IN A DEMOCRACY. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

2025-03-20T15:53:14+02:00

The article analyses parliamentarism as a key element of a democratic political system. The article examines its historical development, starting from ancient times, through the formation of parliamentary traditions in the UK, France, and other European countries, and to modern models of parliamentarism in the world. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of parliaments in different political systems, such as parliamentary republics, parliamentary-presidential models, and mixed forms of government. The paper examines the global experience that allows us to assess the effectiveness of parliamentary institutions in different cultural, social, and economic conditions. The article focuses on the current challenges facing parliamentarism, such as the rise of populism, distrust of political institutions, the impact of digital technologies and global issues, including climate change and pandemics. The authors analyze the causes of these challenges and suggest ways to overcome them. It is determined that the success of parliamentarism depends on the ability to adapt to new realities while preserving democratic principles, as well as on strengthening international cooperation and improving parliamentary oversight mechanisms.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF JOURNALIST COMMUNICATION IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN CYBERSPACE

2025-03-20T15:53:11+02:00

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of conducting journalistic communication in modern Ukrainian cyberspace, in particular: models of interaction with the audience ("war chronicles" and "war emotions"), the functioning of war narratives in the media space and the interaction of leading online mass media with the readers in social networks. An attention is also paid to creating information cyberspace in times of war – specific media vocabulary related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The author provides recommendations on thorough approaches and methods of conducting journalistic communication in the сyberspace. It is argued that the communication space of Ukrainian online media, which is created in wartime conditions with the help of strategic narratives, is primarily an environment for the production of meaning for the new Ukrainian e-journalism. Its standards are being revised from the perspective of the so-called effectiveness of waging information warfare against the enemy, consolidating Ukrainians, and facilitating the transmission of wartime “infonoise” by the military and the civilian population.

COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDIES ON WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE GULF COUNTRIES: RELEVANCE AND IMPORTANCE TO GLOBAL AND UKRAINIAN LEGAL DISCOURSES

2025-03-20T15:53:08+02:00

This article is highlighting the critical role of comparative legal studies in understanding women's rights in the Persian Gulf region and their broader implications for international legal discourses. The study aims to explore how legal systems in these states navigate the complexities of domestic traditions, Islamic principles, and international human rights obligations. By analyzing key developments and challenges, the paper highlights the broader implications of these legal reforms for international legal science and provides insights applicable to other national contexts, including Ukraine. For the research comparative and analytical methods were used, focusing on regional legal systems and their evolution in addressing gender equality. Methods used include analysis and synthesis to evaluate legal frameworks, comparative techniques to identify similarities and differences among Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, and contextual analysis to assess the interaction between local customs and global norms. Key findings include the identification of gradual, culturally sensitive approaches to reform that align domestic laws with international standards. The paper also discusses the relevance of these findings for Ukraine, emphasizing the importance of balancing traditional values with human rights commitments. By bridging regional specificities and international principles, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of women's rights and the global challenges of harmonizing legal frameworks with evolving societal needs.

THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PECULIARITIES OF DEACONESS MINISTRY IN THE EASTERN AND WESTERN HAGIOGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT CHURCH

2025-03-20T15:53:05+02:00

The article shows that Ancient Churches, independently of each other, in different regions worked on a general idea of women's church ministry, which could be called differently, but everywhere had common features. Deaconesses were the only institutionalized women's community within the Ancient Church, which developed around III–IV centuries in the East. Their powers, despite the peculiarities rites of initiation were never associated with sacred religious service – in terms of status, deaconesses were close to subdeacons. In the West, deaconesses as women with practical responsibilities properties disappeared very quickly. In the hagiographic tradition, the center of the narrative was a specific person and his spiritual life. In the course of research we have analyzed the examples of the lives of deaconess of the Ancient Church. In these texts there is a special importance was attached to miraculous events, characterization in relief and detail the virtues and high status of holy women were promoted.

PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO EDUCATION IN THE INTERNSHIP IN THE SPECIALTY “SURGERY”

2025-03-20T15:53:02+02:00

Post-graduate medical education in Ukraine has seen many changes due to an ongoing war and perspective integration into the European medical space. These conditions demand the training of new surgeons, who can combine fundamental theoretical knowledge, mastery of modern innovative technologies, and high-quality surgical practice. One of the consequences of a full-scale Russian invasion is a steady decrease in the quantity of trained medical specialists, which can be explained by an external migration. That is why questions of post-graduate education of future doctors acquire state significance in Ukraine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the state of postgraduate surgical education in Ukraine and explore the ways of enhancing it, by deepening the practical orientation and evaluating the experience of the world's leading systems of training medical specialists. The authors analyzed the system of post-graduate training in surgery, carried out a detailed description of the modern three-year internship, indicating the peculiarities of training at a specific surgical department. The transition to the European model of postgraduate education in surgery through internship and residency is seen as promising. This system is declared in the statute of postgraduate medical training in Ukraine, preference should be given to training in large scientific and practical centers, with the possibility of internship and practice in surgical centers abroad.