HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING SOLUTIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES

Valentyna Chorna; Valentyna Makhniuk

doi:10.23856/5926

Valentyna Chorna National Pirogov Medical University Vinnytsya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-0613
Valentyna Makhniuk State Institution “O. M. Marzieiev Institute For Public Health” National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-4370

Keywords: architectural and planning solutions, construction, mental health care facilities, state building codes.

Abstract

In order to take into account the hygienic aspects of architectural and planning solutions in the construction of new mental health facilities (general hospitals, crisis units, hospices, psychological care centers, etc.), multidisciplinary groups should be involved – architectural and planning, urban planning units, the public, medical representatives of medical institutions, relatives, patients, to take into account all the necessary in-hospital factors. To conduct a hygienic assessment of architectural and planning solutions for buildings of psychiatric health care institutions in Ukraine that were built in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and to provide a comparative description of the hygienic standards of psychiatric health care institutions in different countries. The study was conducted on the basis of the analysis of the DBN B.2.2-10:2022 "Health Care Facilities", scientific sources of domestic and foreign scientists. A survey was conducted among chief physicians of psychiatric hospitals in Ukraine on safe sanitary and hygienic, anti-epidemic conditions of psychiatric health care facilities. There were 55 psychiatric hospitals in Ukraine before the outbreak of full-scale war: 28.6% of them were built in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (from 1786 to 1945), 28.6% after the Great Patriotic War (from 1945–1991), and 42.8% during the period of Ukraine's independence (from 1991–2013). Only 25% of psychiatric institutions have playgrounds for outdoor games equipped with tennis tables and volleyball nets (for table tennis and volleyball), 25% of hospitals have playgrounds for quiet recreation (chess, dominoes), and 12.5% have playgrounds for physical education and recreation (sports and play areas). At the same time, 41.6% of these sites are in satisfactory condition. Ukraine has adopted the State Construction Standards of Ukraine DBN B.2.2-10:2022 "Healthcare Facilities. Basic Provisions". It provides basic provisions for the design of health care facilities (buildings and structures of all types of health care facilities) during new construction and reconstruction or during major repairs in health care facilities. However, there is currently no formal sanitary legislation containing sanitary, epidemiological and hygienic requirements for the decoration, equipment and operation of health care facilities with inpatient units.

References

1. Rosen, A.; Holmes, D.J. (2022) Co-Leadership to co-design in mental health-care ecosystems: what does it ment to us? Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl), ahead-of-print (ahead-ofprint). https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-06-2022-0065
2. Merner, B.; Schonfeld, L.; Virgona, A. et al. (2023) Consumers' and health providers' views and perceptions of partnering to improve health services design, delivery and evaluation: a co-produced qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3(3):CDO13274. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CDO13274.pub2
3. Chorna V.V. (2022) Hygienic, epidemiological, psychogenic and urban planning aspects of mental health institutions in comparison with EU countries.«Wissenschaft für den modernen Menschen '2022 / Science for modern man '2022», Innovative technology, security, medicine, biology, agriculture, art history, Karlsruhe, Germany, (January 30–31, 2022, monographic series «European Science» book8. Part2. Kapitel 6/chapter 6/ P.102-129,161-163. https://doi: 10.30890/2709-2313.2022-08-02-033
4. McDerott, B.E.; Holoyda, B.J. (2014) Assessment of aggression in inpatient settings. CNS Spectr, 19(5), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852914000224
5. Bach, M. (2018) Violence, research, and non-identity in the psychiatric clinic. Theo red Bioetn, 39(4), 283-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-018-9451-2
6. Chorna, V.V.; Makhniuk, V.M. [et al.] (2021) The influence of architectural and planning solutions on sanitary and hygienic working conditions of health care workers and patients of psychiatric hospitals in Ukraine and EU countries]. Young scientist, 1 (8), 20-27. https://doi. org/10.32839/2304-5809/2021-1-89-5
7. Chorna, V.V. (2020) Reforming health care to strengthen the mental health of the population of Ukraine and the experience of EU countries. Bulletin of Vinnytsia National Medical University. 3, (Т.24), 447-456. https://doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(3)-11
8. Chorna, V.V.; Makhniuk, V.M.; Chaika, G.V. et al. (2021) Substantiation of the sanitary and epidemiological component to the new edition of the state building codes of Ukraine "Health care institutions" on the design of psychiatric hospitals taking into account international experience. Bulletin of Vinnytsia National Medical University. 1 (Т.25), 118-125. https://doi. org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(1)-22
9. Chorna, V.V. (2023) On the issue of readiness of domestic medical and preventive institutions to protect the mental health of the population of Ukraine affected by military actions. Environment and health. 1 (106), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.01.010
10. Chorna, V.V.; Khliestova, S.S.; Pashkovskyi, S.M. et al. (2022) Characteristics of the state of mental health of the population of Ukraine as a consequence of prolonged hostilities. Acta Balneologica Journal of the Polish Balneology and Physical Medicine Association. Vol. LXIV, 6(172), 568-573. https://doi.org/10.36740/ABAL202206114
11. Chorna V.V.; Boyko V.V.; Begma M.A. (2023) Mental health of internally displaced persons and factors influencing its changes. Materials of the II International Scientific and Practical Conf. (of the 2nd International scientific and practical conference) «Innovations and prospects in modern science», 13-15 лютого, Sweden (Stockholm, – SSPG Publish). P. 93-97.
12. Mental health atlas 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/ publications/i/item/9789240036703
13. Moitra, M.; Santomauro, D.; Collins, P.Y; et al. (2022) The global gap in treatment coverage for major depressive disorder in 84 countries from 2000–2019: a systematic review and Bayesian metaregression analysis. PLoS Med. 19(2):e1003901. https://doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.1003901.
14. Lu, J., Huand, Y.; Li T. et al. (2021) Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross – sectional epidemiological study. Lancet Psychiatri. 8(11), 981-990. https://doi. org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00251-0
15. Hu, H.; Cao Q.; Shi, Z. et al. (2018) Social support and depressive symptom disparity between urban and rural older adults in China. Journal Affect Disord. 237, 104-111. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.076
16. Yang, W.; Li, D.; Gao, J. et al. (2020) Decomposing differencts in depressive symptoms between older rural – to – urban migrant workers and their counterparts in mainland China. BMC Public Health. 20(1), 1442. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09374-1
17. State Construction Standards of Ukraine B.2.2-10:2022 "Healthcare facilities". Kyiv. Ministry of Development of Communities and Territories of Ukraine. 2022. URL: https://dreamdim. ua/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/DBN_V2-2-10_2022.pdf
18. Zhang, Y.; Tzortzopoulos, P.; Kagioglou, M. (2019) Healing built-environment effects on health outcomes: environment-occupant-health framework. Building Research & Information; 47(6):747-766. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1411130
19. Price, O.; Baker, J.,; Bee, P., et al. (2018) The support-control continuum: an investigation of staff perspectives on factors influencing the success or failure of de-escalation techniques for the management of violence and aggression in mental health settings. Int journal Stud. 77:197-206. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.10.002
20. Johnston, I.; Price, O.; McPherson, P. et al. (2022) De-escalation of conflict in forensic mental health inpatient settings: a theoretical domains framework-informed qualitative investigation of staff and patient perspectives. BMC Psychol. 10(1):30. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s40359-022-00735-6
21. Coburn, A.; Kardan, O.; Kotabe H.; Berman, G. (2019) Psychological responses to natural patterns in architecture. Journal of Environmental Psychology. Vol. 62. P. 133-145.
22. McCuskey Shepley; M., Watson, A.; Pitts F., et al. (2016) Mental and behavioral health environments: critical considerations for facility design. General Hospital Psychiatry. Vol. 42. P. 15-21.
23. Hunt, J.M.; Sine, D.M. (2015) Common mistakes in designing psychiatric hospitals. Facility guidelines institute, 24 р.