USE OF PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES OF CIVIL PROTECTION IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Keywords:
protective structures, protective rooms, protected space, shelter, civil protection.
Abstract
The presence of protective structures in the immediate vicinity of residential buildings where people live provides an additional opportunity for the civilian population to hide during rocket attacks. In this regard, it is very important to design storage facilities in such a way that the evacuation time of the population does not exceed four minutes. The purpose of this article is the analysis of world examples of the construction of protective structures and the implementation of this experience in the construction of new residential buildings in Ukraine. The article provides a general description of protective structures according to Ukrainian regulatory documents. The main requirements for the location of protective structures in the urban development are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the presence of protective structures in the countries of the world are determined. Recommendations are provided for the construction of houses with the location of protective rooms in residential buildings. The principle scheme of a high-rise building resistant to destruction and the creation of a protected space in it is proposed. A SWOT analysis of the location of protective premises in residential buildings is presented.
References
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22. Kristina, H., Kupferschmid, В. А. (2009). The preservation of Nazi-associated structures in Berlin: flak towers. Doctor’s thesis for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation. The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22531.
23. Tarnoff, C. (2018). The Marshall plan: Design, accomplishments, and significance. Congressional Research Service, pp. 1–32. Retrieved from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1156806/.
24. Sait zhurnalu «Kyiv School of Economics». Na lystopad 2022 roku zahalna suma zbytkiv, zavdana infrastrukturi Ukrainy, skladaie maizhe $136 mlrd. [For the fall of leaves in 2022, the total amount of surpluses, the infrastructure of Ukraine, totals approximately
$136 billion]. (2022). https://kse.ua. Retrieved from: https://kse.ua/ua/about-the-school/news/na-listopad-2022-roku-zagalna-suma-zbitkiv-zavdana-infrastrukturi-ukrayini-skladaye-mayzhe-136-mlrd/ [in Ukrainian].
25. Hayko, Y., Hnatchenko, E., Zavalnyi, O., Shyshkin, E. (2021). Renovatsiia promyslovoi zabudovy ta yii adaptatsiia do suchasnoho miskoho seredovyshcha [Renovation of industrial buildings and their adaptation to the modern urban environment]. Monohrafiia. Kharkiv. nats. un-t misk. hosp-va im. O. M. Beketova, Kharkiv, 2021. Retrieved from: https://eprints.kname. edu.ua/57691/ [in Ukrainian].
26. Gaiko, Y., Shyshkin, E., Hnatchenko, E. (2018). Osoblyvosti upravlinnia kompleksnoiu rekonstruktsiieiu zhytlovoi zabudovy na suchasnomu etapi rozvytku mist [Peculiarities of management of complex reconstruction of residential buildings at the modern stage of urban development]. Mistobuduvannia ta terytorialne planuvannia, Kyiv, KNUBA, 66, 90–100. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/MTP_2018_66_11 [in Ukrainian].
show/2486-20#Text [in Ukrainian].
2. Sait zhurnalu «Slovo ta dilo». Nadiini ukryttia u razi viiny: skilky bomboskhovyshch u velykykh mistakh. [The site of journal "Word and Deed". Reliable shelters in case of war: how many bomb shelters are there in big cities].(2022). www.slovoidilo.ua. Retrieved from: https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2022/02/03/infografika/bezpeka/nadijni-ukryttya-razi-vijny-skilky-bombosxovyshh-velykyx-mistax [in Ukrainian].
3. Breçani, R., & Dervishi, S. (2019). Thermal and energy performance evaluation of underground bunkers: An adaptive reuse approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 46. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101444.
4. Tann, L., Sterling, R., Zhou, Y., Metje, N. (2020). Systems approaches to urban underground space planning and management. Underground Space, vol. 5(2), pp. 144–166. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2019.03.003.
5. Beqiri, L., Rexhepi, Z., Sylejmani, M., Sinani, B., Ibrahimi, H., et al. (2017). Underground houses – systematic approach toward underground construction of living space. Ubt International Conference, Durres, Albania, vol. 5, pp. 37–45., Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2017.5.
6. Besner, J. (2017). Cities Think Underground – Underground Space (also) for People. Procedia Engineering, vol. 209, pp. 49–55, Retrieved from: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.129.
7. Admiral, H., & Cornaro, A. (2020). Future Cities. Resilient Cities – The Role of Underground Space in Achieving Urban Resilience. Underground Space, vol. 5(3), pp. 223–228. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2019.02.001.
8. Admiral, H., & Cornaro, A. (2016). Why underground space should be included in urban planning policy – And how this will enhance an urban underground future. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 55, pp. 214–220. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.013.
9. Saqaff, A., Alkaff, S.C., Sim, M.N., Ervina E. (2016). A review of underground building towards thermal energy efficiency and sustainable development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 60, pp. 692–713. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.085.
10. Magazine website «Trendhunter». From Tunnel-Connected Homes to Repurposed Bomb Shelters. (2013). www.trendhunter.com. Retrieved from: https://www.trendhunter.com/slideshow/underground-dwellings
11. Yixuan, W., Longzhe, J., Mingwei, X., Song P., Yifei, X., Yihong Z. (2020). Instructions for planning emergency shelters and open spaces in China: Lessons from global experiences and expertise. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 51. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101813
12. Kodeks tsyvilnoho zakhystu Ukrainy, Dokument 5403-VI. [Civil Protection Code of Ukraine. Document 5403-VI]. (2022). Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5403-17#Text [in Ukrainian].
13. DBN V.2.2-5-97 «Zakhysni sporudy tsyvilnoho zakhystu», Zmina №4. Obmezhennia dostupu hryf (dlia sluzhbovoho korystuvannia) zniato 18.07.22. [DBN V.2.2-5-97 “Civilian protective structures protection”, Amendment No. 4. Restrictions on access to vultures (for official use) were removed on 22/07/18]. (1997) Retrieved from: http://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=4653 [in Ukrainian].
14. Shapiro, M., & Bird-David, N. (2017). Routine emergency: Domestic securitization in contemporary Israel. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, vol. 35(4), pp. 637–655. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775816677550.
15. Shir-Vertesh, D., & Markowitz, F. (2015) Between War and Peace: Israel Day by Day. French ethnology, vol. 45(2), pp. 209–221. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3917/ethn.152.0209.
16. Armstrong, M. (2018). The Effectiveness of Rocket Attacks and Defenses in Israel. Journal of Global Security Studies, vol. 3(2), pp. 113–132. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogx028.
17. Silvia, B. (2017). (De) territorializing the home. The nuclear bomb shelter as a malleable site of passage. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, vol. 35(4), pp. 674–69. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-135570.
18. Silvia, B. (2017). Superpower Underground: Switzerland's Rise to Global Bunker Expertise in the Atomic Age. Technology and Culture, vol. 58(4). pp. 921–954. Retrieved from: https://doi:10.1353/tech.2017.0109.
19. Bishop, T. (2019). “The Struggle to Sell Survival”: Family Fallout Shelters and the Limits of Consumer Citizenship. Modern American History, vol. 2(2). pp. 117–138. Retrieved from: https://doi:10.1017/mah.2019.8
20. Dillon, M., Schwefler, C., Chinn, I. (2022). US Fallout Shelter. Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, United States. p. 1-105. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2172/1880931.
21. Taylor, A. (2021). Future-proof: bunkered data centers and the selling of ultra-secure cloud storage. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 27(S1), pp. 76–94. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.13481.
22. Kristina, H., Kupferschmid, В. А. (2009). The preservation of Nazi-associated structures in Berlin: flak towers. Doctor’s thesis for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation. The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22531.
23. Tarnoff, C. (2018). The Marshall plan: Design, accomplishments, and significance. Congressional Research Service, pp. 1–32. Retrieved from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1156806/.
24. Sait zhurnalu «Kyiv School of Economics». Na lystopad 2022 roku zahalna suma zbytkiv, zavdana infrastrukturi Ukrainy, skladaie maizhe $136 mlrd. [For the fall of leaves in 2022, the total amount of surpluses, the infrastructure of Ukraine, totals approximately
$136 billion]. (2022). https://kse.ua. Retrieved from: https://kse.ua/ua/about-the-school/news/na-listopad-2022-roku-zagalna-suma-zbitkiv-zavdana-infrastrukturi-ukrayini-skladaye-mayzhe-136-mlrd/ [in Ukrainian].
25. Hayko, Y., Hnatchenko, E., Zavalnyi, O., Shyshkin, E. (2021). Renovatsiia promyslovoi zabudovy ta yii adaptatsiia do suchasnoho miskoho seredovyshcha [Renovation of industrial buildings and their adaptation to the modern urban environment]. Monohrafiia. Kharkiv. nats. un-t misk. hosp-va im. O. M. Beketova, Kharkiv, 2021. Retrieved from: https://eprints.kname. edu.ua/57691/ [in Ukrainian].
26. Gaiko, Y., Shyshkin, E., Hnatchenko, E. (2018). Osoblyvosti upravlinnia kompleksnoiu rekonstruktsiieiu zhytlovoi zabudovy na suchasnomu etapi rozvytku mist [Peculiarities of management of complex reconstruction of residential buildings at the modern stage of urban development]. Mistobuduvannia ta terytorialne planuvannia, Kyiv, KNUBA, 66, 90–100. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/MTP_2018_66_11 [in Ukrainian].
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Published
2024-08-02
How to Cite
Shyshkin, E., & Pankeieva, A. (2024). USE OF PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES OF CIVIL PROTECTION IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT. Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 64(3), 226-236. https://doi.org/10.23856/6429
Section
TECHNOLOGY, CREATIVITY, IMPLEMENTATION
