MAX SCHELER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF EXPERIENCE OF VALUES AND THE FUNCTIONING OF WORLDVIEW
Keywords:
phenomenological axiology, experience of values, phenomenological experience, worldview, emotional apriorism, phenomenological acts
Abstract
The concept of the phenomenology of the experience of values in the views of Max Scheler in its connection with the functioning of the worldview is investigated in the article. It is established that values are based on the phenomenology of the experience of values. On the basis of the phenomenological axiology of Max Scheler, it is shown that the phenomenology of the experience of values is a reliable criterion for structuring and constituting values in the worldview. The phenomenology of the experience of values is also the foundation of the involvement of objects in the system of worldview values and is the basis of structuring of values into spiritual and material types. A negative or positive attitude toward some object, granting it the status of value, or its denial happens through the phenomenology of the experience of values within a worldview. It is emphasized that the realization of objective values in the real world is possible through Apriori emotional intentions, which are phenomenological acts.
References
1. Andersson, H., Green Werkmäster, J. (2021). “How Valuable Is It?”, Inquiry, 55, 525–542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-020-09751-4
2. Barret, N. F. (2014). “Skillful Engagement and the “Effort after Value”: An Axiological Theory of the Origins of Religion”, Evolution, Religion, and Cognitive Science: Critical and Constructive Essays, 92–108. Retrieved from: https://www.aghalibrary.com/storage/books/1609238269_AghaLibrary.pdf
3. Brax, D. (2009). Hedonism as the Explanation of Value. [Doctoral Thesis, Lund University Department of Philosophy]. Media-Tryck Sociologen. Retrieved from: https://lucris.lub.lu.se/ws/portalfiles/portal/6249605/1466315.pdf
4. Helve, H. (2015). A Longitudinal Perspective on Worldviews, Values and Identities. Journal of Religious Education, 63, 95–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40839-016-0021-5
5. Hitlin, S., Piliavin, J. A. (2004). Values: Reviving a Dormant Concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 359–393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110640
6. Joas, H. (2001). The Genesis of Values. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
7. Lan, G., Gowing, M., Rieger, F., McMahon, Sh., King, N. (2010). Values, value types and moral reasoning of MBA students. Business Ethics: A European Review, 19(2), 183–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2010.01587.x
8. Longest, K. C., Hitlin, S., Vaisey, S. (2013). Position and Disposition: The Contextual Development of Human Values. Social Forces, 91(4), 1499–1528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot045
9. Maio, G. R. (2010). Mental Representations of Social Values. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 1–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42001-8
10. Moen, O. M. (2016). An Argument for Hedonism. Inquiry, 50, 267–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-015-9506-9
11. Müller, J. M. (2017). How (Not) to Think of Emotions as Evaluative Attitudes. Dialectica, 71(2), 281–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12192
12. Pakizeh, A., Gebauer, J. E., Maio, G. R. (2007). Basic Human Values: Inter-Value Structure in Memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 458–465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.04.007
13. Rimkus, E. (2021). In the Path of Vydūnas: Moral Values and Social Engineering as the Tool for the Welfare State Creation. Filosofija. Sociologija, 32(3), 249–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.v32i3.4497
14. Roccas, S., Elster, A. (2014). Values and Religiosity. Religion, Personality, and Social Behavior, 193–212. New York and London: Psychology Press. Retrieved from: http://students.aiu.edu/submissions/profiles/resources/onlineBook/B6R2b2_Religion_Personality_Social_Behavior_ebook.pdf
15. Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H., Knafo, A. (2002). The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 789–801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289008
16. Rohan, M. J. (2000). A Rose by Any Name? The Values Construct. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(3), 255–277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0403_4
17. Russo, C., Danioni, F., Zagrean, I., Barni, D. (2022). Changing Personal Values through Value-Manipulation Tasks: A Systematic Literature Review Based on Schwartz’s Theory of Basic Human Values. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(7), 692–715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12070052
18. Sagiv, L., Roccas, S. (2021). How Do Values Affect Behavior? Let Me Count the Ways. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 25(4), 295–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683211015975
19. Sagiv, L., Roccas, S., Cieciuch, J., Schwartz, S. H. (2017). Personal values in human life. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 630–639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0185-3
20. Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal Values Across Cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 517–546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100
21. Sánchez Madrid, N. (2020). Violence of Values/Values of Violence. The Cultural Struggle of Alt-Right Politics. Filosofija. Sociologija, 31(1), 7–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.v31i1.4173
22. Scheler, M. (1973). Formalism in ethics and non-formal ethics of values. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
23. Scheler, M. (1973). Selected Philosophical Essays. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
24. Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48(1), 23–47. Retrieved from: https://iaap-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00047.x
25. Theodorou, P. (2014). Pain, Pleasure, and the Intentionality of Emotions as Experiences of Values: A new Phenomenological Perspective. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 13(4), 625–641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-014-9371-1
26. Todd, C. (2014). Emotion and Value. Philosophy Compass, 9(10), 702–712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12167
27. Vendrell Ferran, I. (2022). Feeling as Consciousness of Value. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 25, 71–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-021-10244-x
2. Barret, N. F. (2014). “Skillful Engagement and the “Effort after Value”: An Axiological Theory of the Origins of Religion”, Evolution, Religion, and Cognitive Science: Critical and Constructive Essays, 92–108. Retrieved from: https://www.aghalibrary.com/storage/books/1609238269_AghaLibrary.pdf
3. Brax, D. (2009). Hedonism as the Explanation of Value. [Doctoral Thesis, Lund University Department of Philosophy]. Media-Tryck Sociologen. Retrieved from: https://lucris.lub.lu.se/ws/portalfiles/portal/6249605/1466315.pdf
4. Helve, H. (2015). A Longitudinal Perspective on Worldviews, Values and Identities. Journal of Religious Education, 63, 95–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40839-016-0021-5
5. Hitlin, S., Piliavin, J. A. (2004). Values: Reviving a Dormant Concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 359–393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110640
6. Joas, H. (2001). The Genesis of Values. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
7. Lan, G., Gowing, M., Rieger, F., McMahon, Sh., King, N. (2010). Values, value types and moral reasoning of MBA students. Business Ethics: A European Review, 19(2), 183–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2010.01587.x
8. Longest, K. C., Hitlin, S., Vaisey, S. (2013). Position and Disposition: The Contextual Development of Human Values. Social Forces, 91(4), 1499–1528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot045
9. Maio, G. R. (2010). Mental Representations of Social Values. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 1–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42001-8
10. Moen, O. M. (2016). An Argument for Hedonism. Inquiry, 50, 267–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-015-9506-9
11. Müller, J. M. (2017). How (Not) to Think of Emotions as Evaluative Attitudes. Dialectica, 71(2), 281–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12192
12. Pakizeh, A., Gebauer, J. E., Maio, G. R. (2007). Basic Human Values: Inter-Value Structure in Memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 458–465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.04.007
13. Rimkus, E. (2021). In the Path of Vydūnas: Moral Values and Social Engineering as the Tool for the Welfare State Creation. Filosofija. Sociologija, 32(3), 249–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.v32i3.4497
14. Roccas, S., Elster, A. (2014). Values and Religiosity. Religion, Personality, and Social Behavior, 193–212. New York and London: Psychology Press. Retrieved from: http://students.aiu.edu/submissions/profiles/resources/onlineBook/B6R2b2_Religion_Personality_Social_Behavior_ebook.pdf
15. Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H., Knafo, A. (2002). The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 789–801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289008
16. Rohan, M. J. (2000). A Rose by Any Name? The Values Construct. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(3), 255–277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0403_4
17. Russo, C., Danioni, F., Zagrean, I., Barni, D. (2022). Changing Personal Values through Value-Manipulation Tasks: A Systematic Literature Review Based on Schwartz’s Theory of Basic Human Values. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(7), 692–715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12070052
18. Sagiv, L., Roccas, S. (2021). How Do Values Affect Behavior? Let Me Count the Ways. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 25(4), 295–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683211015975
19. Sagiv, L., Roccas, S., Cieciuch, J., Schwartz, S. H. (2017). Personal values in human life. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 630–639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0185-3
20. Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal Values Across Cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 517–546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100
21. Sánchez Madrid, N. (2020). Violence of Values/Values of Violence. The Cultural Struggle of Alt-Right Politics. Filosofija. Sociologija, 31(1), 7–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.v31i1.4173
22. Scheler, M. (1973). Formalism in ethics and non-formal ethics of values. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
23. Scheler, M. (1973). Selected Philosophical Essays. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
24. Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48(1), 23–47. Retrieved from: https://iaap-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00047.x
25. Theodorou, P. (2014). Pain, Pleasure, and the Intentionality of Emotions as Experiences of Values: A new Phenomenological Perspective. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 13(4), 625–641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-014-9371-1
26. Todd, C. (2014). Emotion and Value. Philosophy Compass, 9(10), 702–712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12167
27. Vendrell Ferran, I. (2022). Feeling as Consciousness of Value. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 25, 71–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-021-10244-x
Abstract views: 12 PDF Downloads: 9
Published
2025-03-20
How to Cite
Budz, A. (2025). MAX SCHELER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF EXPERIENCE OF VALUES AND THE FUNCTIONING OF WORLDVIEW. Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 67(6), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.23856/6724
Section
INNOVATION, WORK, SOCIETY
