PATHOLOGICAL IMMUNITY CHANGES IN COMORBID PATIENTS WITH EXACERBATION OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Keywords: comorbid pathology, immunity, exacerbation of asthma.

Abstract

The aim of the study – to investigate immunological changes in patients with exacerbation of bronchial asthma with different severity and controllability depending on the presence of comorbid pathology. Materials and methods of research. The work is based on the analysis of data from a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 190 patients with exacerbation of asthma. The relative content of T–lymphocytes and their main subpopulations was determined on a flow cytofluorimeter FACS Calibur (Canada) by phenotyping lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies (BECKMAN COULTER, USA) to surface membrane differentiation antigens (CD): CD3+19– (pan T-cells), CD4+–8+– (T−helpers/inducers), CD4–8+ (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), CD3–16+ (natural killers). To identify the imbalance of immunoregulatory subpopulations of T cells, the immunoregulatory index was calculated – the ratio of the number of CD4+8– Lf and CD4-8+ Lf. To calculate the absolute content in the peripheral blood of individual populations of Lf, leukogram indicators determined on the hematological analyzer ABH-miscros60, France were used. The proliferative activity of lymphocytes was evaluated in cultures of whole blood in the reaction of blast transformation of these cells with morphological accounting of the results. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using licensed software products included in the Microsoft Office Professional 2007 package, license Russian Academic OPEN No Level № 43437596 in Excel. Conclusions. In moderate asthma, the frequency of pathological changes in the T-system of immunity did not depend on the presence of comorbid pathology, as a rule. In severe asthma, an increase in the content of pan–T cells occurred 1.2 times more often than in moderate asthma, but this was not observed in people with concomitant pathology. In this group, the frequency of increasing the content of T–helpers and decreasing the content of cytotoxic T – cells in patients with severe asthma without concomitant diseases was 1.3 times more frequent than in patients with comorbid pathology. No pathological changes in the T–system were detected in patients with controlled asthma. In partially controlled asthma, these changes were registered 1.5 times more often than in controlled asthma, and in its uncontrolled course, the prevalence of pathological changes in the T–system of immunity was much higher than in the two previous groups. In patients with concomitant diseases, these changes, as a rule, had a higher frequency than in patients without comorbid pathology.

References

1. Global Initiative for Asthma (2021). Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Retrieved from: www.ginasthma.org. 2. Feshchenko Y.I., ta in. (2021). Adaptovana klinichna nastanova, zasnovana na dokazakh. Bronkhialʹna astma (Chastyna III). Astma ta alerhiya. No.2. pp. 5−20. [in Ukrainian].
3. Feshchenko Y. I., Ilʹyinsʹka I. F., Arefʹyeva L. V., Kuryk L. M., Kanarskyi O. A., Turchyna I. P. (2021). Suputnya patolohiya u khvorykh na bronkhialʹnu astmu. East European Scientific Journal. Vol. 9. No.73. pp. 8–17. [in Ukrainian].
4. Feshchenko Y.I., Ilʹyinsʹka I.F., Arefʺyeva L.V., Kuryk L.M. (2018). Nekontrolʹovana bronkhialʹna astma: suchas nyy stan problem. Astma ta alerhiya. No.2. pp. 20–25. [in Ukrainian].
5. Nenasheva N. M. (2016). Obostreniye bronkhial'noy astmy: lecheniye i profílaktika. Retrieved from: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/ lezni_dykhatelnykh_putey/Obostrenie_bronhialynoy_astmy echenie_i_profilaktika/ [in Russian].
6. Yermolkevich R.F., Lapitskiy D.V., Metel'skiy S.M. (2011). Obostreniye bronkhial'noy astmy: podkhody k diagnostike i lecheniyu. Voyennaya meditsina. No.1. Retrieved from: https://www. mil.by/ru/smedicine_magazine/365/ [in Russian].
7. Velychko V.I., Bazhora Y.I., Danylʹchuk H.O. (2019). Poshyrenist komorbidnykh staniv ta modyfikovanykh faktoriv ryzyku u patsiyentiv z bronkhialʹnoyu astmoyu. Simeyna medytsyna. Vol.1. No.81. pp. 119–122. [in Ukrainian].
8. Galimova Y.S. (2010). Zabolevaniya organov pishchevareniya u bol'nykh bronkhial'noy astmoy. Fundamental'nyye issledovaniya. No.1. pp. 36–40. [in Russian].
9. M. Cazzola et al. (2013). Comorbidities of asthma: current knowledge and future research needs. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. No.19. pp. 36–41.
10. Chumak Y.Y. (2013). Sovremennyye napravleniya v lechenii bol'nykh bronkhial'noy astmoy s komorbidnymi sostoyaniyami. Problemy ekologicheskoy i meditsinskoy genetiki i klinicheskoy immunologoii. Vol.19. No.5. pp. 349–357. [in Russian].
11. Feshchenko Y.I, Ilʹyinsʹka I.F., Arefʹyeva L.V ta in. (2012) Suputnya patolohiya u khvorykh na bronkhialʹnu astmu. East European Scientific Journal. Vol. 9. No.73. pp. 8–17. [in Ukrainian].
12. Vertkin A.L. (2015). Komorbidnyy patsiyent: rukovodstvo dlya prakticheskikh vrachey. Moscow. [in Russian].
13. Nakaz MOZ Ukrayiny vid 08.10.2013 No 868 "Pro zatverdzhennya ta vprovadzhennya medyko-tekhnolohichnykh dokumentiv zi standartyzatsiyi medychnoyi dopomohy pry bronkhialʹniy astmi". Unifikovanyy klinichnyy protokol pervynnoyi, vtorynnoyi (spetsializovanoyi) medychnoyi dopomohy «Bronkhialʹna astma». Kyyiv: MOZ Ukrayiny. [in Ukrainian].
14. Feshchenko Y.I. ta in. (2019). Astma: adaptovana klinichna nastanova, zasnovana na dokazakh. Nats. in-t ftyziatriyi i pulʹmonolohiyi im. F.G. Yanovsʹkoho, Nats. med. akad. pislyadyplom. osvity im. P.L. Shupyka, Asots. ftyziatriv i pulʹmonolohiv Ukrayiny ; uklad. : Kyiv: NAMN Ukrayiny. 113 p. [in Ukrainian].
15. Feshchenko Y.I, Ilʹyinsʹka I.F, Arefʺyeva L.V. ta in. (2020) Dyferentsiyuvannya patolohichnykh ta adaptatsiynykh imunolohichnykh mekhanizmiv pry bronkhialʹniy astmi ta yikh znachennya v prohnozuvanni yiyi nekontrolʹovanoho perebihu. Astma ta alerhiya. No. 4. pp. 13–24. [in Ukrainian].
16. Babich P.N., Chubenko A.V., Lapach S.N. (2005) Primeneniye sovremennyy statisticheskikh metodov v praktike klinicheskikh issledovaniy. Soobshcheniye tret'ye. Otnosheniye shansov: ponyatiye, vychisleniye, interpretatsiya. Ukraí̈ns'kiy medichniy chasopis. Vol. 2, No.46. pp. 113–119.
17. Lapach S.N., Chubenko A.V., Babich P.N. (2001) Statisticheskiye metody v medikobiologicheskikh issledovaniyakh s ispol'zovaniyem Excel. Kyiv. Morion, 320 p. 18. Chumak Yu. Yu. (2013). Sovremennyye napravleniya v lechenii bol'nykh bronkhial'noy astmoy s komorbidnymi sostoyaniyami. Problemy ekologicheskoy i meditsinskoy genetiki i klinicheskoy immunologoii. Vol.9. No.5. pp. 349–357. Retrieved from: http://ecoproblemlug. ucoz.ua/5_119/349-358.pdf.

Abstract views: 98
PDF Downloads: 62
Published
2022-11-15
How to Cite
Feshchenko, Y., Illyinskaya, I., & Kuryk, L. (2022). PATHOLOGICAL IMMUNITY CHANGES IN COMORBID PATIENTS WITH EXACERBATION OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 53(4), 215-224. https://doi.org/10.23856/5326
Section
HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT