SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING IN CANADA (1950–1990S)
Keywords:
teacher training, social factors, cultural factors, educational programs, vocational training, primary school teacher, multicultural and cross-cultural education
Abstract
The article analyzes the demographic and economic ties and describes the social and cultural factors that in Canada in the 1950 -1990s determined changes in the tasks, organization, and training of teachers to work in primary school, taking into account the cultural needs of the population and government education policies. The application of historical and genetic as well as comparative methods of documentary sources analysis made it possible to identify the social and cultural-regional conditionality of the tasks and content of teacher training and their preparation for work in primary schools in different provinces. The article highlights the main contexts according to which the professional training of Canadian primary school teachers was carried out: historical, multicultural, traditional cultural, pedagogical, and religious. As a result of the comparative analysis of historical development, it was found that in Canadian cities such as Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver there were concentrated large settlements of migrants, which played a dominant role in social and cultural development of Canada. Two main vectors of teacher training, multicultural and cross-cultural, which met the requirements of Canadian social environments and educational policy of Canadian governments, are studied. The training programs for primary school teachers in the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia, initiated mainly by the federal government of Canada, are described. The Government of Canada, together with the Ministries of Education, colleges and universities, has been found to have influenced the training of Canadian primary school teachers by creating a variety of educational programs best suited for the needs of society.
References
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33. Üniversitesi Y. (2013). Diversity and Multicultural Education in Canada. Multicultural Education: Diversity, Pluralism, and Democracy. An International Perspective. Lambert Academic Publising, vol.2, pp. 33-57.
34. Wayne, M., Ian H. (2020). Teacher Learning, Accountability and Policy Enactment in Ontario: The Centrality of Trust. Educational Research for Policy and Practice. Springer Verlag, vol. 19 (1), pp. 1-17.
35. Whalen, C., Majocha, E., Nuland, S. (2019). Novice teacher challenges and promoting novice teacher retention in Canada. European journal of teacher education (electronic journal), vol. 42 (5), pp. 591-607. Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02619768.2019.1652906
36. Xomych L. O. (1998). Profesijno pedagogichna pidgotovka vchy`telya pochatkovy`x klasiv [Professional pedagogical training of primary school teachers]/ L. O. Xomych. – K.: Magistr- S. [in Ukrainian].
2. Awid R., Dayoub F. (2016). Promoting Success with Immigrant Arab Students. Teacher Resources. Canadian Multicultural Education Foundation. Alberta Teachers’ Association.
3. Aydin H., Kaya I. (2013). Kanada Uluslar arası Kültürel Araştırmalar Merkezi. [International Cultural Studies Center]. Report. Istanbul, Türkiye: Ukam Yayınları.
4. Bates A.W. (2019). Culture and learning environments. Teaching in a Digital Age. BCampus Open Textbooks. Retrieved from: https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/a-9-culture-and-learning-environments/
5. Baxov I. S. (2014). Formuvannya sociokulturnoyi kompetentnosti uchniv pochatkovyx klasiv [Formation of socio-cultural competence of primary school students]. Problemy ta perspektyvy rozvytku nauky na pochatku tretogo tysyacholittya u krayinax SND. Zbirnyk naukovyx pracz. Pereyaslav-Xmelnyczkyj. pp. 127‐129. [in Ukrainian].
6. Canada Act. Canada-United Kingdom (1982). Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/event/Canada-Act
7. Canadian Multiculturalism Act. (1985). Government of Canada. Retrieved from: https://lawslois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-18.7/page-1.html
8. Canadian Multicultural Education Foundation. (2010). Retrieved from: https://www.cmef.ca/resources/connections/
9. Ciftci Y. (2013). Diversity and Multicultural Education in Canada. Multicultural Education: Diversity, Pluralism, and Democracy an International Perspective. Chapter: 2. Lambert Academic Publising, pp. 33-57.
10. Cotter M. (2011). Culture clash: an international legal perspective on ethnic discrimination. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 176.
11. Darling-Hammond, L. & Lieberman, A. (2012). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice? Teacher education around the world: Changing policies and practices. New York: Routledge, pp. 151-169.
12. Dubasenyuk O.A. (2010). Problema polikulturnoyi pidgotovky studentiv u zarubizhnij pedagogichnij nauci i praktyci [The problem of multicultural training of students in foreign pedagogical science and practice]. Profesijna osvita: pedagogika i psyxologiya: Polsko-ukrayinskyj, ukrayino-polskyj shhorichnyk [za red. T. Levovy`cz`kogo, I. Vil`sh, I. Zyazyuna, N. Ny`chkalo]. Chenstoxova-Kyiv, vol. 11, pp. 91-98. [in Ukrainian].
13. Duff, P. A., Li D. (2009). Indigenous, Minority, and Heritage Language Education in Canada: Policies, Contexts, and Issues. Canadian Modern Language Review. La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes, University of Toronto Press, vol. 66(1).
14. Dzhurynskyj A.N. (2014). Polikulturna osvita v bagatonacionalnomu sociumi [Multicultural education in a multinational society] (electronic journal). Retrieved from: https://stud.com.ua/38083/pedagogika/kanada. [in Ukrainian].
15. Elliott J. (1979). Two nations, many cultures. Ethnic groups in Canada. Scarborough: Prentice Hall, p. 389.
16. For the love of learning: Report of the Royal Commission on Education in Ontario. (1995). Royal Commission on Education in Ontario. Toronto, ON: King’s Printer.
17. Gannon, R.E. (2005). The role of the Ontario College of Teachers in the professionalization of teaching. Unpublished doctoral thesis. University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
18. Gavran M., Zhornyak N.Y. (2014). Polikulturnyj aspekt profesijnoyi pidgotovky vyshhyx navchalnyx zakladiv Kanady ta Polshhi [Multicultural aspect of professional training of higher education institutions in Canada and Poland]. Porivnyalno-pedagogichni studiyi, vol. 4(22), pp. 85-90. [in Ukrainian].
19. Ghost, R., Abdi, A. A. (2004). Education and the Politics of Difference: Canadian Perspectives. Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc. Canada.
20. Gollnick, D. (1978). Multicultural education in teacher education: The state of the scene. Washington, DC: American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.
21. Gollnick D. (1980). Multicultural education. Viewpoints in Teaching and Learning, vol. 56 (1), pp. 1–17.
22. James, C. E. (2001). Multiculturalism, Diversity, and Education in the Canadian Context: The Search for an Inclusive Pedagogy. Global Constructions Of Multicultural Education Theories and Realities. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, pp. 169-201.
23. Johnson A., Joseph-Salisbury R., Kamunge B. (2018). The Fire Now: Anti-Racist Scholarship in Times of Explicit Racial Violence. Zed Books. p. 148. Retrieved from: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada
24. Karpynska L. O. (2005). Formuvannya profesijnoyi majsternosti majbutnix uchyteliv u systemi vyshhoyi pedagogichnoyi osvity Kanady [Formation of professional skills of future teachers in the system of higher pedagogical education in Canada]: dys. kand. ped. nauk:13.00.01/Karpynska Liliya Oleksiyivna, Odesa. [in Ukrainian].
25. Kitchen, J., Petrarca Diana. (2014). Teacher Preparation in Ontario: A History. Teaching & Learning, vol. 8(1), pp. 56–71.
26. Krasnopolskyi V. E. (2018). Formuvannya sociokulturnoyi kompetentnosti studentiv u virtualnomu inozemnomu osvitnomu seredovyshhi. [Formation of Sociocultural Competence of Students in the Virtual Foreign Education Environment]. Duxovnist osobystosti: metodologiya, teoriya i praktyka. vol. 2 (83), pp. 63-70.
27. MacDonald B. Atcin R. (1977). Computer Assisted Learning: its Educational Potential. The Council for Educational Technology. London: The Council for Educational Technology. (electronic journal). Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/2779323.pdf
28. Milewski, P. (2020) Pedagogical knowledge as a distinct object s in the history of education: the example of Ontario, Canada. Paedagogoca Histirica (electronic journal). Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00309230.2020.1831028
29. Ontario College of Teachers Implementation Committee (1995). The privileges of professionalism. Toronto, ON: Ontario College of Teachers.
30. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2011). Lessons from PISA for the United States: Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.
31. Pavlyuk V. I. (2012). Pidgotovka majbutnix uchyteliv u systemi bagatorivnevoyi pedagogichnoyi osvity v Kanadi [Training future teachers in the multilevel teacher education system in Canada]. Dysertaciya kand. ped. nauk: 13.00.04, Uman. derzh. ped. un-t im. Pavla Tychyny, Uman. [in Ukrainian].
32. Romanyuk A. (2018). Stacionarne naselennya, imigraciya, socialna zgurtovanist i nacionalna identychnist: yakyj mizh nymy zvyazok i yaki naslidky dlya polityky derzhavy? Poglyad demografa – z osoblyvoyu uvagoyu do kanadskyx problem [Fixed population, immigration, social cohesion and national identity: what is the connection between them and what are the consequences for state policy? Demographer’s view – with special attention to Canadian issues] / Demografiya ta socialna ekonomika, vol. 1 (32), pp.11–28. [in Ukrainian].
33. Üniversitesi Y. (2013). Diversity and Multicultural Education in Canada. Multicultural Education: Diversity, Pluralism, and Democracy. An International Perspective. Lambert Academic Publising, vol.2, pp. 33-57.
34. Wayne, M., Ian H. (2020). Teacher Learning, Accountability and Policy Enactment in Ontario: The Centrality of Trust. Educational Research for Policy and Practice. Springer Verlag, vol. 19 (1), pp. 1-17.
35. Whalen, C., Majocha, E., Nuland, S. (2019). Novice teacher challenges and promoting novice teacher retention in Canada. European journal of teacher education (electronic journal), vol. 42 (5), pp. 591-607. Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02619768.2019.1652906
36. Xomych L. O. (1998). Profesijno pedagogichna pidgotovka vchy`telya pochatkovy`x klasiv [Professional pedagogical training of primary school teachers]/ L. O. Xomych. – K.: Magistr- S. [in Ukrainian].
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Published
2021-06-18
How to Cite
Khomych, O. (2021). SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING IN CANADA (1950–1990S). Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 43(6), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.23856/4307
Section
LANGUAGE, CULTURE, COMMUNICATION
