DECOLONIZATION OF URBAN SPACE OF ZAPORIZHZHIA (2014–2023 РР.): INFORMATIONAL AND COGNITIVE DYNAMICS OF SOCIETY

Słowa kluczowe: renaming, public space, toponyms, symbolic decolonization, national identity, Soviet heritage

Abstrakt

This article examines the processes of decolonization, derussification, and decommunization of urban space of Zaporizhzhia from 2014 to 2023. The influence of public sentiment, cultural changes, and legal acts on the transformation of urban objects is analyzed with special attention. During the study, there are under consideration the dynamics of toponym renaming, the dismantling of Soviet-era monuments, and the overcoming of imperial heritage in public space. Special attention is paid to the relationship between the processes of decommunization and national security, since the decolonization of the urban environment is an important element in countering Russian propaganda and restoring national identity. The article contains an analysis of the legal framework, including laws adopted in 2015 and 2023, which contributed to the purification of public space from totalitarian symbols, along with monitoring of the information space with the help of the Brand24 program regarding indicators of representation and popularization of this topic in the media. In the conclusions, the authors emphasize the importance of decolonization processes for the formation of a new national memory and restoration of historical justice in the context of European integration aspirations of Ukraine. Prospects for further research are focused on the analysis of social and cultural changes caused by these processes.

Wykaz bibliografii

1. Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
2. Butko, S., Horobets, S., Karetnikov, I., Korolenko, B. & Maiorov, M. (Eds.). (2015). Dekomunizatsiia: shcho i chomu pereimenovuvaty y demontuvaty [Decommunization: what and why to rename and dismantle]. Ukrainskyi instytut natsionalnoi pamiati. Kyiv. URL: http://cg.gov.ua/web_docs/1/2015/12/docs/dekomunizaciya._shcho_y_chomu_pereymenovuvati_i_demontovuvati.pdf [in Ukrainian]
3. Connerton, P. (1989). How societies remember / Paul Connerton. Cambridge University Press.
4. Dekolonizatsiia pochynaietsia z tebe. [Decolonization starts with you]. Odesa Decolonization. Retrieved from: https://www.odesadecolonization.org/ [in Ukrainian]
5. Derusyfikatsii bude potribna dodatkova zakonodavcha rehlamentatsiia. [De-Russification will require additional legislative regulation]. Interfaks-Ukraina. Retrieved from: https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/general/829741.html [in Ukrainian]
6. Desiate zahalnonatsionalne opytuvannia: Ideolohichni markery viiny (2022) [Tenth National Survey: Ideological Markers of War (April 27, 2022)]. Sotsiolohichna hrupa «Reitynh». Retrieved from: http://ratinggroup.ua/getfile/606/rg_ua_1000_ideological_markers_ua_042022_press.pdf [in Ukrainian]
7. Dronova, K., Stadny, Y. (2015). Dekomunizatsiini zakony: propozytsiia pravok [The «Decommunization Laws»: a proposal of amendments]. Krytyka, traven. Retrieved from: https://krytyka.com/ua/solutions/opinions/ [in Ukrainian].
8. Druha sesiia miskoi rady 19.02.2016: Rishennia miskoi rady. [2nd session of the city council 02/19/2016: Decision of the city council]. Zaporizka miska rada. Retrieved from: https://zp.gov.ua/uk/sessions/40/resolutions/4 [in Ukrainian]
9. Dziuba, I.M. (2005) Internatsionalizm chy rusyfikatsiia?[Internationalism or Russification?]. Kyiv: Kyievo-Mohylian. akad. [in Ukrainian]
10. Haidai, O. (2016). Kam'janyj ghistj. Lenin v centraljnij Ukrajini [The Stone Guest. Lenin in Central Ukraine], Kyiev: Laurus [in Ukrainian]
11. Hnatiuk, O., Melnichuk, A. (2020). Prostorovo-chasovi aspekty dekomunizatsii toponimiky mista Kyieva. [Spatial-temporal aspects of toponymy decommunization in the city of Kyiv]. Ideologiya ta polityka, №1(15), 84–114. https://doi.org/10.36169/2227-6068.2020.01.00005 [in Ukrainian]
12. Hrytsenko, O. (2014). Pam'iat' mistsevoho vyrobnytstva. Transformatsiia symvolichnoho prostoru ta kul'tury pam'iati v malykh mistakh Ukrainy [Memory of local production. Transformation of symbolic space and culture of memory in small towns of Ukraine]. Kyiv: «K.I.S.» [in Ukrainian]
13. Kasianov, G. (2022). Memory Crash: Politics of History in and around Ukraine, 1980s–2010s. Central European University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7829/j.ctv1c3pd8w.
14. Koinash, H. (2015). «Dekomunizatsiini» zakony: nebezpechnyi potentsiial siiannia rozbratu i garantovanyi sudovyi rozghliad u Strasburzi [«Decommunization Laws»: dangerous potential of discord and guaranteed court case in Strasbourg]. Krytyka, May. Retrieved from: https://krytyka.com/ua/solutions/opinions/ [in Ukrainian].
15. Konsultatsii z hromadskistiu. Zaporizka miska rada [Consultations with the public. Zaporizhzhia City Council]. Zaporizka miska rada. Retrieved from: https://zp.gov.ua/uk/page/konsultacii-z-gromadskistyu [in Ukrainian]
16. Kulyk, V. (2015). Pro neiakisni zakony ta nechutlyvykh krytykiv [On flawed laws and insensitive critics]. Krytyka. Retrieved from: https://krytyka.com/ua/solutions/opinions/pro-neyakisni-zakony-tanechutlyvykh-krytykiv [in Ukrainian]
17. Kyrydon A. (2015). Polityka pamiati v Ukraini (1991–2015 rr.)[ Politics of memory in ukraine (1991–2015 years)]. Ukraina-Yevropa-Svit. Mizhnarodnyi zbirnyk naukovykh prats.. Seriia: Istoriia, mizhnarodni vidnosyny. № 15. S. 244-250 [in Ukrainian]
18. Kyrydon, A. (2016). Heterotopii pamiati. Teoretyko-metodolohichni problemy studii pamiati. [Heterotopias of memory. Theoretical and methodological problems of memory studies]. Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr [in Ukrainian]
19. Lisovskyj, A.S., Prydetkevych, S.S., Matuz O.V. (2024). Derusyfikatsiia ta dekomunizatsiia heohrafichnykh nazv v mezhakh Khmelnytskoi oblasti. [Derussification and decommunisation of geographical names within the Khmelnytskyi region]. Naukovi zapysky Ternopilskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni Volodymyra Hnatiuka. Ser. Heohrafiia. Ternopil: FOP Osadtsa Yu. V., № 1 (56), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.24.1.12 [in Ukrainian]
20. Lugones María. (2007). Heterosexualism and the Colonial / Modern Gender System. Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, 22(1), 186–209. https://doi.org/10.2979/hyp.2007.22.1.186.
21. Males, L. V. (2016). Dekomunizacija stolyci: zminy v urbanonimiji (metody, pershi rezuljtaty) [Capital decommunization: changes in urbanonymy (methods, first results)]. Visnyk Kharkivsjkogho nacionaljnogho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Serija: Sociologhichni doslidzhennja suchasnogho suspiljstva: metodologhija, teorija, metody – Bulletin of the V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University: Sociological studies of modern society: methodology, theory, methods, 36, S. 62–67 [in Ukrainian]
22. Mazepa, Ya. (2023). Dekolonizatsiia: yak ochystyty prostir vid rosiiskoho. [Decolonization: how to clear space from Russian]. Ukraїner. Retrieved from: https://www.ukrainer.net/dekolonizatsiia/ [in Ukrainian]
23. Mignolo, W. D. (2002). The Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference. South Atlantic Quarterly, 101(1), 57–96. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-101-1-57.
24. Mokan, V. (2023) «Dekomunizatsiia zapustyla protsesy suttievoi zminy stavlennia hromadian do nashoi istorychnoi pamiati» [Decommunization launched processes of a significant change in the attitude of citizens to our historical memory]. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Retrieved from: https://www.rada.gov.ua/news/news_kom/234624.html [in Ukrainian]
25. Motyl, A. (2015). De-Communization, Hannah Arendt, and Ukrainian Nationalism. World Affairs. July 28. Retrieved from: http://worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/de-commu nizationhannah-arendt-and-ukrainian-nationalism
26. Nahorna, L. P. (2012). Istorychna pamiat: teorii, dyskursy, refleksii.[Historical memory: theory, discourse and reflections]. Kyiv: IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian]
27. Onyshchenko, V. (2024). Protystoiannia z imperiieiu: yak ukrainski mista ostanni dva roky pereimenovuvaly toponimy? [Confrontation with the empire: how have Ukrainian cities been renamed toponyms in the last two years?]. Transparent Cities. Retrieved from: https://transparentcities.in.ua/articles/protystoiannia-z-imperiieiu-yak-ukrainski-mista-ostanni-dva-roky-pereimenovuvaly-toponimy [in Ukrainian]
28. Onyshchenko, V. (2024). Suvorov prohrav, Shchors upav: yak zminyvsia miskyi prostir Ukrainy za dva roky? [Suvorov lost, Shchors fell: how has the urban space of Ukraine changed in two years?]. Transparent Cities. Retrieved from: https://transparentcities.in.ua/articles/suvorov-prohrav-shchors-upav-yak-zminyvsia-miskyi-prostir-ukrainy-za-dva-roky [in Ukrainian]
29. Pavlenko, I. (2020) Deradianizatsiia ta dekomunizatsiia ukrainskoho urbanimikonu (na materiali nazv obiektiv miskoho prostoru Zaporizhzhia) [Desovetization and decommunization of the Ukrainian urbanimicon (on the material of Zaporizhzhia place names)]. №1(15). S. 188-27 https://doi.org/10.36169/2227-6068.2020.01.00009 [in Ukrainian]
30. Perelik aktualnykh pereimenuvan stanom na 01.08.2023. [List of actual renamings as of August 1, 2023.]. Zaporizka miska rada. Retrieved from: https://zp.gov.ua/upload/editor/perejmenuvannya__stanom__na__01-08-2023.pdf [in Ukrainian]
31. Petytsiia «Pro dotsilne vykorystannia pamiatnyka leninu» [Petition «On the appropriate use of the Lenin monument»]. Retrieved from: https://petition.e-dem.ua/zaporizhzhia/Home/About [in Ukrainian]
32. Ponad 50 tysiach vulyts zminyly nazvy vprodovzh 2016 roku [Over 50,000 streets were renamed in 2016]. Uriadovyi portal. Retrieved from: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/249624004 [in Ukrainian]
33. Pro heohrafichni nazvy shchodo dekolonizatsii toponimii ta vporiadkuvannia vykorystannia heohrafichnykh nazv u naselenykh punktakh Ukrainy [«On Geographical Names» on Decolonization of Toponymy and Regulation of the Use of Geographical Names in Ukrainian Settlements]. Retrieved from: https://itd.rada.gov.ua/billInfo/Bills/Card/39367 [in Ukrainian]
34. Pro pereimenuvannia ploshchi Lenina v misti Zaporizhzhi na ploshchu Zaporizku [About the renaming of Lenin Square in the city of Zaporizhia to Zaporizhia Square]. Zaporizka miska rada. Retrieved from: https://zp.gov.ua/uk/documents/item/22893 [in Ukrainian]
35. Pro vnesennia zmin do rozporiadzhennia miskoho holovy vid 02.07.2015 №180r [On making changes to the order of the city mayor dated 02.07.2015 No. 180р]. Zaporizka miska rada. Retrieved from: https://zp.gov.ua/uk/documents/item/28289 [in Ukrainian]
36. Pro zasudzhennia komunistychnoho ta natsional-sotsialistychnoho (natsystskoho) totalitarnykh rezhymiv v Ukraini ta zaboronu propahandy yikhnoi symvoliky». (2015) [On the condemnation of the communist and national socialist (Nazi) totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and the prohibition of propaganda of their symbols]. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/317-19#Text [in Ukrainian]
37. Pro zasudzhennia ta zaboronu propahandy rosiiskoi imperskoi polityky v Ukraini i dekolonizatsiiu toponimii. (2023). [About the condemnation and prohibition of propaganda of Russian imperial policy in Ukraine and the decolonization of toponymy]. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3005-20#Text [in Ukrainian]
38. Quijano, A. (2007). Coloniality and modernity/rationality. Cultural Studies (London, England), 21(2–3), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601164353.
39. Riabchuk, M. (2011). Postkolonialnyi syndrom. Sposterezhennia. [Postcolonial syndrome. Observation]. Kyiv: “K.I.S.” [in Ukrainian]
40. Rozporiadzhennia miskoho holovy №85r vid 20.02.2016 [Mayor's Order No. 85 dated February 20, 2016]. Zaporizka miska rada. Retrieved from: https://zp.gov.ua/uk/documents/item/22893 [in Ukrainian]
41. Said, Edward W. (1995). Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient. London: Penguin.
42. Shapoval, Y., Vasylieva, I., Matviienko, I. (2020). Ukrainske suspilstvo u 2014–2020 rr.: problemy polityky dekomunizatsii [Ukrainian Society in 2014-2020: Problems of Decommunization Politics]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal. № 4, 110-124. https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2020.04.110 [in Ukrainian]
43. Shapoval, Yu. (2021). Antykryzovyi resurs polityky pamiati v Ukraini. [Anti-crisis resource of memory policy in Ukraine]. Political Studies, 2, 111-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53317/2786-4774-2021-2-6 [in Ukrainian]
44. Shteinle, O. (2018) Nimetske pytannia v zaporizkii dekomunizatsii [The German question in the Zaporizhzhia decommunization]. №50, S. 155-159 https://doi.org/10.26661/swfh-2018-50-012 [in Ukrainian]
45. Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the Subaltern Speak? In C. Nelson, & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
46. Stavlennia do okremykh istorychnykh postatei ta protsesu dekomunizatsii v Ukraini (2016). [Attitudes towards individual historical figures and the process of decommunization in Ukraine (November 2016)]. Sotsiolohichna hrupa «Reitynh». Retrieved from: https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/de-communization_rg_112016.pdf [in Ukrainian]
47. Surchenko, S. (2015). Pereimenuvannia vulyts u Zaporizhzhi. [Renaming of streets in Zaporizhzhia]. Natsionalna spilka kraieznavtsiv Ukrainy. Retrieved from: https://nsku.org.ua/?p=6253 [in Ukrainian]
48. Takhtaulova, M. (ed.). (2023). Zbirnyk materialiv, rekomendatsii i dokumentiv shchodo vykonannia vymoh Zakonu Ukrainy «Pro zasudzhennia ta zaboronu propahandy rosiiskoi imperskoi polityky v Ukraini i dekolonizatsiiu toponimii». [The collection of materials, recommendations and documents was submitted to the Law of Ukraine «On the Judgment and Defense of the Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy»]. Kyiv: «Smoloskyp» [in Ukrainian]
49. Telehram-kanal «Dekolonizatsiia. Ukraina» [Telegram channel «Decolonization. Ukraine»]. Retrieved from: https://t.me/DecolonizationUkraine [in Ukrainian]
50. U Zaporizhzhi pereimenovano shche ponad 70 vulyts, provulkiv ta prospektiv. [More than 70 streets, alleys and avenues were renamed in Zaporizhzhia]. Zaporizka miska rada. Retrieved from: https://zp.gov.ua/uk/articles/item/19789/u-zaporizhzhi-perejmenovano-sche-ponad-70-vulic-provulkiv-ta-prospektiv [in Ukrainian]
51. Umland, A. (2015). Sylvester Stallone kak bokser, ili Effekt zrelishchnosty [Sylvester Stallone as a boxer, or The performance effect]. Novoe vremia. 28.05.2015. Retrieved from: https://nv.ua/opinion/umland/silvestr-stallonekak-bokser-ili-effekt-zrelishchnosti-50871.html/
52. Viatrovych, V. (2015). Dekomunizatsiia i akademichna dyskusiia [Decommunization and academic discussion]. Krytyka, 2015, traven. Retrieved from: https://krytyka.com/ua/solutions/opinions/dekomunizatsiya-i-akademichna-dyskusiya. [in Ukrainian]
53. Vidteper bez Moskovskoi, Kurskoi ta Pushkina: u Zaporizhzhi pereimenuvaly blyzko 70 toponimiv. [From now on, without Moskovska, Kurska and Pushkin: about 70 toponyms were renamed in Zaporizhzhia]. Espreso.tv. https://espreso.tv/vidteper-bez-moskovskoi-kurskoi-ta-pushkina-u-zaporizhzhi-pereymenuvali-blizko-70-toponimiv [in Ukrainian]
54. Vodotyka, S., Savenok, L. (2017). Urban space, decommunisation and the problems of historical memory. City: history, culture, society, 1, 119-133. http://jnas.nbuv.gov.ua/article/UJRN-0000675474 [in Ukrainian]
55. Zvit Ukrainskoho instytutu natsionalnoi pamiati z realizatsii derzhavnoi polityky u sferi vidnovlennia i zberezhennia natsionalnoi pamiati u 2016 rotsi. [Report of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory on the implementation of state policy in the field of restoration and preservation of national memory in 2016]. Ukrainskyi instytut natsionalnoi pamiati. Retrieved from: https://old.uinp.gov.ua/page/zvit-ukrainskogo-institutu-natsionalnoi-pam-yati-z-realizatsii-derzhavnoi-politiki-u-sferi-vidn [in Ukrainian]

Abstract views: 98
PDF Downloads: 26
Opublikowane
2024-12-25
Dział
INNOWACJA, PRACA, SPOŁECZEŃSTWO